Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology > Section 1 Final > Flashcards

Section 1 Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The science of body structures and the relationship among structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define physiology

A

The science of the function structures.
i.e. - how the body parts work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a relatively stable condition within the body (Internal environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s a Disease?

A

An illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms.
Anything that interferes with homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s a symptom?

A

Changes in body functions that are not apparent to the observer.
Ex: pain, head ache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s a sign?

A

Objective changes that an observer can measure.
EX: fever, Blood Pressure, pulse, rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s a Diagnosis?

A

The art of distinguishing one disease from another.
Determining the nature of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the negative feedback system?

A

This system reverses the original change, that is the body’s response is to maintain physiological levels within the body.
EX: Maintain body temperature, blood pH and blood sugar levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the positive feedback system?

A

This system reinforces (strengthens) the original change to the controlled condition
EX: Contraction of muscles during delivery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s a Receptor?

A

A structure that monitors changes in the body then sends impulses to the control center.
** a component of the feedback systems**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s a Control Center?

A

Receives information from receptors, evaluates information (associated with homeostatic levels), and generates output (a response) as necessary.
** a component of the feedback systems**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s an effector?

A

A body structure that produces a response that is coordinated through the control center(s).
** a component of the feedback systems**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s the Mid-sagittal Plane?

A

A plane that divides the body into equal right and left portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Whats the Parasagittal Plane?

A

Any plane that is parallel to the mid-sagittal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

A

divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whats the Transverse (Horizontal) Plane?

A

divides the body (or an organ)into superior and inferior portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the Oblique Plane?

A

passes through the body (or organ) at an angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Superior is…

A

refers to a structure that is towards the head (top of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inferior is…

A

refers to a structure that is toward the lower part of the body (away from the head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterior is…

A

towards the front of the body (or organ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Posterior is…

A

towards the back of the body (or organ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Medial is…

A

towards the midline (mid-sagittal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lateral is…

A

away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ipsilateral is…

A

located on the same side of the body as another structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Contralateral is…

A

located on the opposite side of the body from another structure

26
Q

Proximal is…

A

nearer to the point of origin (or attachment)

27
Q

Distal is…

A

farther away from the point of origin (or attachment)

28
Q

Superficial is…

A

toward the surface

29
Q

Deep is…

A

away from the surface

30
Q

What does parietal describe or pertain to?

A

pertains to the outer wall of a body cavity

31
Q

Visceral is…

A

pertains to organs

32
Q

Prone is..

A

refers to the body lying face down. Also refers to the hand.

33
Q

Supine is…

A

lying face up, also refers to the hand

34
Q

What are enzymes?

A

biological catalysts

35
Q

What is a Catalyst?

A

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

36
Q

The pH scale is..

A

measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
(runs from zero to 14, 7 is neutral)
(below pH 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline)

37
Q

What are Carbohydrates?

A

Sugars, starches, glycogen
primary function is as an energy source

38
Q

What is a Monosaccharide?

A

a simple sugar, a monomer
type of carbohydrate

39
Q

What are Disaccharides?

A

two monosaccharides that are chemically bonded together
** a type of carbohydrate**

40
Q

What are Polysaccharides?

A

many monosaccharides chemically bonded together
** a type of carbohydrate**

41
Q

What are lipids?

A

essential to the structure and funtion of cell membranes; energy storage
non-polar (don’t dissolve in water)
** basically fat**

42
Q

What are Triglycerides (TG)?

A

a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids
** a simple lipid **

43
Q

What are Phospholipids?

A

a triglyceride where one of the fatty acids has been removed then replaced with a molecule that contains a phosphate group
** a type of complex lipid**

44
Q

What are steroids?

A

type of lipid that’s made from cholesterol

45
Q

what is protein used for?

A

used for structure and function

46
Q

proteins are made from?

A

Amino acids

47
Q

what are peptide bonds?

A

condensation (dehydration synthesis) between the carboxyl group and the amino group of adjacent amino acids

48
Q

what are polypeptides?

A

long chains of amino acids bonded together

49
Q

What’s simple diffusion?

A

The transport of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (a concentration gradient). A passive process (does not require energy).

50
Q

What’s osmosis?

A

The transport of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. A passive process.

51
Q

What’s Facilitated Diffusion?

A

Movement of certain molecules across the plasma membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, using specific protein channels. A passive process.

52
Q

What’s Active Transport?

A

Movement of molecule from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration(against the concentration gradient). Active processes require energy

53
Q

What’s Primary Active Transport?

A

specific transport molecules (proteins) move specific substances across the cell membrane

54
Q

What’s Secondary Active Transport?

A

the energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient is used to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients

55
Q

What’s a symporter?

A

a transporter that moves two substances in the same direction
** component of secondary active transport**

56
Q

what’s an antiporter?

A

a transporter that moves two substances in the opposite direction
** component of secondary active transport**

57
Q

What are organelles?

A

specific structures that perform specific functions in a cell

58
Q

List all the different kinds of organelles?

A

Cytoskeleton, Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) , Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum , Golgi Complex, Lysosome, Peroxisomes, Mitochondria, Nucleus, & Nucleolus.

59
Q

What does epithelial tissue cover?

A

Covers body surfaces, internal and external.

60
Q

What’s the function of connective tissue?

A

Protection and support of body structures.

61
Q

What’s the function of muscle tissue?

A

Provides the force necessary for movement.

62
Q

What’s the function of nervous tissue?

A

Coordination of body activities.

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions