Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is a joint?
a point of contact between two bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth
What does ‘Arthro’ mean?
Joint
What is Kinesiology?
the study of movement of the human body
What is Gouty Arthritis?
a disorder associated with the build-up of Uric Acid (a waste product of Nucleic Acid metabolism)
as Uric Acid build up it forms crystals which are deposited in soft tissues of joints, these crystals irritate and inflame joints eroding away articulating surfaces
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.) ?
an autoimmune disorder (the body attacks its own tissues)
this disorder usually occurs bilaterally (vs. R.A.) & often leads to joint fusion
What is Osteoarthritis?
a degenerative disorder of synovial joints where the articular cartilage is gradually lost
What is a dislocation?
a displacement of a bone from a joint
* this results in the tearing of the articular capsule and adjacent tissues*
worse than a sprain
What is a sprain?
damage to a joint that tears ligaments, but does not dislocate bones
can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues
Flexion is…
a decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Extension is..
an increase in the angle between articulating bones, or to restore a body part to the Anatomical Position
Hyperextension is…
a continuation of extension beyond the Anatomical Position
* think pushing it farther than it could go*
Abduction is…
the movement of a bone away from the midline
Adduction is…
movement of a bone toward the midline
Circumduction is…
movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle
Ex: thumb moving in a circle, arm moving in a circle
requires movement in more than one plane of motion
Rotation is…
when a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Ex: palm up, palm down
Opposition is…
the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand
What is synarthrosis?
Immovable joint
What are Fibrous joints?
do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are held together with Fibrous connective tissue
these allow little to no movement
What is a Suture?
a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects the bones of the skull
* a type of fibrous joint*
What is a Syndesmoses?
a fibrous joint which has a greater distance between articulating bones than sutures and more fibrous connective tissue
ex. the sheen of connective tissue that connects the Tibia and Fibula
type of fibrous joint
What is a Gomphosis?
where a cone shaped peg fits into a socket
ex: connecting the jaw to teeth
What are Cartilaginous Joints?
do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are connected with cartilage
these allow little to no movement
What are Synchondroses?
contains Hyaline Cartilage
ex: the Epiphyseal plates
* a type of cartilaginous joint*
What is Symphyses?
a broad, flat disk of fibrocartilage connects the bones
ex: Intervertebral Disks and Symphysis Pubis
* a type of Cartilaginous joint*
What is diarthrosis?
A freely moveable joint
What are Synovial Joints?
these are considered to be freely moveable
a space called the Synovial Cavity lies between the articulating bones
What is the Articular Capsule?
surrounds the synovial joint to form the Synovial Cavity
** has 2 layers: two layers:
a. outer layer is the Fibrous Capsule, often contains Ligaments
b. inner layer is the Synovial Membrane**
What is Synovial Fluid?
a viscous fluid that lubricates and nourishes joint surfaces
secreted by the Synovial Membrane
What are Accessory Ligaments?
some joints contain ligaments inside or outside the joint cavity
What is the Meniscus?
Articular dis (that provides stability)
a pad of fibrocartilage that lies between certain articulating bones
ex: knee joint
What is a Bursae?
tiny, fluid filled, saclike structures around certain joints that help reduce friction caused by movement
basically a cushion
What is Bursitis?
inflammation of a bursa
What are Tendon Sheaths?
a tube like bursa that wraps around certain tendons
these help reduce friction where tendons pass through synovial cavities
