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Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a joint?

A

a point of contact between two bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth

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2
Q

What does ‘Arthro’ mean?

A

Joint

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3
Q

What is Kinesiology?

A

the study of movement of the human body

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4
Q

What is Gouty Arthritis?

A

a disorder associated with the build-up of Uric Acid (a waste product of Nucleic Acid metabolism)
as Uric Acid build up it forms crystals which are deposited in soft tissues of joints, these crystals irritate and inflame joints eroding away articulating surfaces

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5
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.) ?

A

an autoimmune disorder (the body attacks its own tissues)
this disorder usually occurs bilaterally (vs. R.A.) & often leads to joint fusion

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6
Q

What is Osteoarthritis?

A

a degenerative disorder of synovial joints where the articular cartilage is gradually lost

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7
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

a displacement of a bone from a joint
* this results in the tearing of the articular capsule and adjacent tissues*
worse than a sprain

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8
Q

What is a sprain?

A

damage to a joint that tears ligaments, but does not dislocate bones
can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues

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9
Q

Flexion is…

A

a decrease in the angle between articulating bones

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10
Q

Extension is..

A

an increase in the angle between articulating bones, or to restore a body part to the Anatomical Position

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11
Q

Hyperextension is…

A

a continuation of extension beyond the Anatomical Position
* think pushing it farther than it could go*

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12
Q

Abduction is…

A

the movement of a bone away from the midline

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13
Q

Adduction is…

A

movement of a bone toward the midline

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14
Q

Circumduction is…

A

movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle
Ex: thumb moving in a circle, arm moving in a circle
requires movement in more than one plane of motion

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15
Q

Rotation is…

A

when a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Ex: palm up, palm down

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16
Q

Opposition is…

A

the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand

17
Q

What is synarthrosis?

A

Immovable joint

18
Q

What are Fibrous joints?

A

do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are held together with Fibrous connective tissue
these allow little to no movement

19
Q

What is a Suture?

A

a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects the bones of the skull
* a type of fibrous joint*

20
Q

What is a Syndesmoses?

A

a fibrous joint which has a greater distance between articulating bones than sutures and more fibrous connective tissue
ex. the sheen of connective tissue that connects the Tibia and Fibula
type of fibrous joint

21
Q

What is a Gomphosis?

A

where a cone shaped peg fits into a socket
ex: connecting the jaw to teeth

22
Q

What are Cartilaginous Joints?

A

do not have a synovial cavity and the articulating bones are connected with cartilage
these allow little to no movement

23
Q

What are Synchondroses?

A

contains Hyaline Cartilage
ex: the Epiphyseal plates
* a type of cartilaginous joint*

24
Q

What is Symphyses?

A

a broad, flat disk of fibrocartilage connects the bones
ex: Intervertebral Disks and Symphysis Pubis
* a type of Cartilaginous joint*

25
Q

What is diarthrosis?

A

A freely moveable joint

26
Q

What are Synovial Joints?

A

these are considered to be freely moveable
a space called the Synovial Cavity lies between the articulating bones

27
Q

What is the Articular Capsule?

A

surrounds the synovial joint to form the Synovial Cavity
** has 2 layers: two layers:
a. outer layer is the Fibrous Capsule, often contains Ligaments
b. inner layer is the Synovial Membrane**

28
Q

What is Synovial Fluid?

A

a viscous fluid that lubricates and nourishes joint surfaces
secreted by the Synovial Membrane

29
Q

What are Accessory Ligaments?

A

some joints contain ligaments inside or outside the joint cavity

30
Q

What is the Meniscus?

A

Articular dis (that provides stability)
a pad of fibrocartilage that lies between certain articulating bones
ex: knee joint

31
Q

What is a Bursae?

A

tiny, fluid filled, saclike structures around certain joints that help reduce friction caused by movement
basically a cushion

32
Q

What is Bursitis?

A

inflammation of a bursa

33
Q

What are Tendon Sheaths?

A

a tube like bursa that wraps around certain tendons
these help reduce friction where tendons pass through synovial cavities

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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