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Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of Integumentary System

A

The skin and its accessory structures

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2
Q

What are the 3 Layers of the Skin?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

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3
Q

The Epidermis is made from what Type of Epithelium?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What do Keratinocytes Produce?

A

produce the water insoluble protein keratin which hardens structures

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5
Q

What do Melanocytes Produce?

A

produce melanin.

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6
Q

What is Melanin?

A

a brown/black pigment which absorbs UV light and is the primary skin pigment

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7
Q

What do Langerhans cells help with?

A

help provide immunity to the epidermis.

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8
Q

Where are Langerhans cells Produced?

A

In the bone marrow

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9
Q

What are Merkel cells for?

A

connected to nerve endings for touch

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10
Q

What is the Stratum Basale?

A

Deepest layer of the epidermis. a single layer of cuboidal shaped cells.

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11
Q

What is the Stratum Corneum?

A

Superficial layer of epidermis
flattened dead keratinocytes, no nuclei
outer layers are continually shed needing to be replaced

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12
Q

What is the Stratum Lucidum?

A

The clear layer of the epidermis that is only present on the finger tips, palms and soles of the feet.

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13
Q

What happens in the Stratum Spinosum?

A

cells start to flatten as they reach the upper part of this layer

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14
Q

What happens in the Stratum Granulosum?

A

cells begin to die forming a water resistant barrier, i.e. keratinization

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15
Q

What are the Layers of the Epidermis from Deep to Superficial?

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum.

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16
Q

What is the Dermis?

A

mostly connective tissue containing collagen & elastin fibers

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17
Q

What are the 2 Regions (Layers) of the Dermis?

A

Papillary Region & Reticular Region

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18
Q

What is the Papillary Region?

A

Superficial Portion of Dermis

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19
Q

What is Dermal Papillae?

A

tiny projections into the epidermis which increase the surface area of the Stratum Basale
how finger prints are made

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20
Q

What are Meissner corpuscles (corpuscles of touch)?

A

tactile receptors located at the apex of Dermal Papillae
how we feel different textures

21
Q

What is the Reticular Region?

A

deepest and largest portion of the dermis
contains irregular C.T.

22
Q

What is the Hypodermis Composed of?

A

composed of Adipose and Areolar C.T.

23
Q

What does the Hypodermis store & contain?

A

stores fat
contains vessels and nerves that supply the skin

24
Q

Melanin is produced from?

A

Melanocytes

25
Q

What is Vitiligo?

A

A melanin disorder where loss of pigmentation occurs after birth

26
Q

What is Carotene?

A

a yellow/orange pigment
could change skin color over time

27
Q

What is Hemoglobin?

A

pink/red pigment & the oxygen carrying molecule in RBCs

28
Q

What does Hair Protect us from?

A

protects the body from heat loss and UV light

29
Q

What is Hair?

A

columns of dead keratinized cells that are bonded together
covers most skin surfaces

30
Q

What are Nails?

A

plates of tightly packed, keratinized epidermal cells

31
Q

What do Sebaceous Glands secrete?

A

Sebum

32
Q

What is Sebum?

A

an oily substance that softens and lubricates the skin, water proofing, maintains hair follicles, & contains antibacterial substances

33
Q

What are Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands?

A

True sweat glands that release secretions onto the surface of the skin

34
Q

What are Eccrine glands?

A

Most common sweat glands that produces watery sweat that contains ions and small organic molecules
help regulate body temperature & eliminate wastes

35
Q

What are Apocrine glands?

A

common to axilla and groin
produce watery secretion that’s more viscous than normal sweat (contains proteins and lipids)

36
Q

What is a Superficial Wound?

A

when only the Epidermis is damaged

37
Q

How does a superficial wound heal?

A
  1. the cells surrounding the wound enlarge and migrate to fill the gap created by the injury
  2. migration ceases when the cells on both sides of the wound come into contact
  3. mitosis in the Stratum Basale is stimulated, more cells are reproduced to make up for dead cells
38
Q

What is a Deep wound?

A

Damage in the Dermis

39
Q

What is Fibrosis?

A

scar tissue formation

40
Q

What is a Keloid?

A

uncontrolled fibrosis

41
Q

What are Burns?

A

tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity or corrosive chemicals that break down the skin

42
Q

What is a First Degree burn?

A

Damage to epidermis

43
Q

What is a 2nd Degree Burn?

A

Damage that reaches the Dermis

44
Q

What is a 3rd Degree Burn?

A

Damage through whole Dermis

45
Q

What happens when the Ambient Temperature is Elevated?

A

1) Perspiration increases, heat is lost by evaporation. (Sweat)
2) Smooth muscle in the dermal vessels relax causing there diameter to increase. More blood can now enter these vessels. Heat is lost to the environment by radiation.

46
Q

What happens when the Ambient Temperature decreases?

A

1) Sweat gland activity decreases. Body conserves heat.
2) Smooth muscle in dermal vessels constrict, conserving heat.

47
Q

What is the average temperature?

A

98.6

48
Q

How does thermoregulation work?

A

1.Temperature change is detected by nerve endings in the skin (i.e. Thermoceptors)

2.This information is sent to the Hypothalamus

3.Nerve signals are then sent back to the sweat glands, and the smooth muscle in the vessels of the Integumentary System.

49
Q

What are pressure sores?

A

break down of the integumentary system assoc. with excess pressure

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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