Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A Chemical Reaction is…

A

making or breaking chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A Catalyst is…

A

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anabolism is…

A

A type of chemical reaction
A Synthesis reaction
large molecules are formed by combining smaller molecules, requires energy: A + B -> AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Catabolism is…

A

A type of chemical reaction
Decomposition reaction
large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, usually releases energy:AB -> A + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exchange reaction is when…

A

molecules are broken down then reformed to make a different molecules: AB + CD <-> AD + BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oxidation is when…

A

a molecule loses an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reduction is when…

A

a molecule gains an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Inorganic Compounds?

A

small, ionically bound molecules
lack carbon
vital to body functions
Ex: water, electrolytes, many acids, bases and salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Water is…

A

considered to be the universal solvent
a polar molecule; hydrophylic (“water loving”) which allows other polar molecules to be dissolved in it
has a high heat capacity, i.e. a substance that requires a lot of energy to increase its temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Acid?

A

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+ = a proton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Base?

A

A proton acceptor or a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The pH scale is a…

A

measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
(runs from zero to 14, 7 is neutral)
(below pH 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Organic Compounds?

A

contain carbon that is chemically bonded (covalently) to hydrogen
large biologically important molecules
contain the elements C,H,O,N,P,S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A Carbohydrates Primary Function is?

A

energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carbohydrates are?

A

Sugars, starches, glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A Monosaccharide is a..

A

simple sugar, a monomer (individual subunit that is used to make more complex molecules)
A type of carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A Disaccharide is..

A

two monosaccharides that are chemically bonded together
ex. Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

a type of carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A Polysaccharide is..

A

many monosaccharides chemically bonded together
ex. Glycogen

a type of carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A Lipid is…

A

essential to the structure and funtion of cell membranes; energy storage
non-polar (a substance that doesn’t dissolve in water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Triglyceride?

A

a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids
a simple lipid

21
Q

A Phospholipid is…

A

a triglyceride where one of the fatty acids has been removed then replaced with a molecule that contains a phosphate group
Phospholipids are amphipathic, i.e. have both polar and nonpolar regions
a type of complex lipid

22
Q

A Steroid is made from?

A

Cholesterol

23
Q

What are Steroids used for?

A

hormones and cell membranes

24
Q

What are the Fat Soluble Vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

25
Q

Proteins are used for?

A

Structure and function

26
Q

What is an Amino Acid?

A

the building block (and monomer) for protein

27
Q

An Amino Acid contains which 2 groups?

A

amino and carboxyl group

28
Q

What is Dehydration Synthesis?

A

removing a molecule of H2O (from between two smaller molecules) to form a chemical (covalent bond)

29
Q

What is a Polypeptide?

A

long chains of amino acids bonded together

30
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

31
Q

What is DNA used for?

A

used to carry hereditary information, i.e. makes up genes/chromosomes

32
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

33
Q

What is RNA used for?

A

for protein synthesis

34
Q

Where is RNA Made then Transported?

A

made in the nucleus then transported to the cytoplasm

35
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphoshate
the primary energy storage molecule in cells

36
Q

Proteins are approximately how much of a Cells Dry Weight?

A

1/2

37
Q

What is a Co-enzyme?

A

non-protein portion that activates the enzyme

38
Q

What is a Cofactor?

A

an organic coenzyme

39
Q

What do Enzymes end in?

A

enzymes usually end in “-ase”

40
Q

Enzymes are named after the?

A

Substrate they act on

41
Q

Almost all reactions in the body require?

A

Enzymes

42
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts

43
Q

Enzymes usually contain Protein Portions named?

A

Apoenzyme

44
Q

What is a Polypeptide?

A

long chains of amino acids bonded together

45
Q

What is the Primary Structure?

A

the specific order that the amino acids are arranged
this is determined by genes

46
Q

What is the Secondary Structure?

A

chains of amino acids are connected they either coil (“alpha helix”) or form a zig-zag pattern (“Pleated Sheet”)

47
Q

What is the Tertiary Structure?

A

the 3-dimensional shape that the finished polypeptide takes

48
Q

What is the Quaternary Structure?

A

when two or more polypeptides drawn together to form the finished protein

49
Q

What is Denaturation?

A

any alteration in the Secondary, Tertiary or Quaternary structures

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions