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Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Plasma Membrane?

A

A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell
is selectively permeable

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2
Q

What is Simple Diffusion?

A

Transport of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
passive processes, doesn’t require energy

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3
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Transport of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
requires a membrane, is a passive process

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4
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

A

Movement of certain molecules across the plasma membrane, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, using specific protein channels.
* a passive process*

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5
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

Movement of molecule from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration(against the concentration gradient).
requires energy because its active

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6
Q

What is Primary Active Transport?

A

A type of active transport that specific transport molecules (proteins) use to move specific substances across the cell membrane.

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7
Q

What is Secondary Active Transport?

A

the energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient is used to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients
* 2 or more molecules are moving*

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8
Q

What is a Symporter?

A

a transporter that moves two substances in the same direction

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9
Q

What is a Antiporter?

A

a transporter that moves two substances in the opposite direction

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10
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

movement of specific ligands into a cell by forming a vesicle around that material
takes energy

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11
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

substances are removed from the cell after a secretory vesicle fuses with the cell membrane

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12
Q

What is the Cytoplasm?

A

region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane

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13
Q

What is the Cytosol?

A

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
* its mostly water *

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14
Q

What are Organelles?

A

specific structures that perform specific functions in a cell

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15
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

a network of protein filaments

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16
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

sites of protein synthesis

17
Q

What is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

A

a membrane that extends from the nuclear envelope
* has ribosomes imbedded into it*

18
Q

What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

extends from the RER
* doesn’t have ribosomes*

19
Q

What is the Golgi Complex?

A

a stack of flattened membranous sacs
its associated with protein modification and the transport of the final product

20
Q

What are Lysosomes?

A

membrane bound sacs of digestive enzymes

21
Q

What are Peroxisomes?

A

membrane bound sacs
contains catalase (breaks down hydrogen peroxide) and other enzymes that oxidize (removes hydrogen to deactivate) various molecules

22
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

structures designed to produce large quantities of ATP
are self-replicating

23
Q

How many Nucleus are in a cell?

A

usually one per cell

24
Q

What surrounds the Nucleus?

A

a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope

25
Q

What is the Nucleous?

A

it’s the site of ribosome synthesis inside the nucleus

26
Q

What is Transcription?

A

the use of using DNA to make RNA
occurs within the nucleus in the nucleous
apart of protein synthesis

27
Q

What is Translation?

A

The formation of polypeptides (proteins) using RNA
occurs in the cytoplasm
Apart of protein synthesis

28
Q

What is the Cell Cycle?

A

the orderly sequence of events n which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two cells

29
Q

What is Interphase?

A

the longest portion of the cell cycle

30
Q

What is the G1 Phase?

A

a stage of interphase

when the cell has the highest metabolic activity

31
Q

What is S Phase?

A

A stage of interphase
DNA replication

32
Q

What is the G2 Phase?

A

A stage of interphase
enzymes required for mitosis and the remaining cellular components are manufactured

33
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

nuclear division
apart of the cell cycle

34
Q

What is Prophase?

A

1st stage in mitosis
the nuclear envelope disappears
chromatin condenses to form Chromosomes & centrioles move to opposite poles

35
Q

What is Metaphase?

A

2nd stage of mitosis

chromosomes line up along the metaphase (equatorial) plate

36
Q

What is Anaphase?

A

3rd stage of mitosis

chromosomes separate then travel towards the centrioles

37
Q

What is Telephase?

A

4th stage of mitosis

chromosome reach their destination then un-condense & nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromatin

38
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

division of the cytoplasm
results in the formation of 2 distinct daughter cells
5th and final stage of mitosis

39
Q

What does P.M.A.T stand for?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
the stages of mitosis

Bio 241: Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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