Chapter 4

Question 1

What are Cell Junctions?

Answer 1

Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells.

Question 2

What are Tight Junctions?

Answer 2

Fluid tight seals between cells that line organ surfaces or body cavities.

Question 3

What are Adherens Junctions?

Answer 3

Large protein structures (plaques) along the inside of cell membranes that link the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells.
help epithelial cells resist separation

Question 4

What are Desmosomes?

Answer 4

Protein structures (plaques) which add strength to surface epithelial tissues and cardiac tissue.

Question 5

What are Hemidesmosomes?

Answer 5

“half a desmosome”, anchor cells to their basement membrane

Question 6

What are Gap Junctions?

Answer 6

Tiny, fluid filled channels (Connexins) between adjacent cells. Allows for the passage of ions and small molecules to pass between cells.

Question 7

Epithelial Tissue Covers what?

Answer 7

body surfaces (internal and external).

Question 8

What does Connective Tissue do?

Answer 8

provides protection and support of body structures.

Question 9

What does Muscle Tissue do?

Answer 9

Provides the force necessary for movement.

Question 10

What does Nervous tissue do?

Answer 10

Provides coordination of body activities

Question 11

What is a Gland?

Answer 11

a cell or group of cells that secrete substances

Question 12

What do Endocrine Glands do?

Answer 12

release their secretions into interstitial fluid. the substance then diffuses into the blood stream
Ex: Hormones

Question 13

What do Exocrine Glands do?

Answer 13

release their secretions into ducts that empty onto the surface of epithelium

Question 14

What is the Membrane?

Answer 14

a flat sheet of pliable tissue that covers or lines a part of the body

Question 15

What does the Epithelial Membrane consist of ?

Answer 15

consists of epithelial cells and connective tissue (lamina propria)

Question 16

What does the Mucous Membrane prevent?

Answer 16

prevents dehydration and mechanical protection

Question 17

What does the Mucous Membrane line?

Answer 17

lines body cavities that open into the exterior

Question 18

What does the Serous Membrane line?

Answer 18

lines organs inside of the body (i.e. that do not open into the exterior)

Question 19

The lining of the Serous Membrane is covered in what kind of Epithelium?

Answer 19

simple squamous epithelium

Question 20

What is the Cutaneous Membrane?

Answer 20

the skin membrane

Question 21

What does the Synovial Membrane line?

Answer 21

lines the cavities of freely moveable joints

Question 22

Does the Synovial Membrane contain Epithelium?

Answer 22

No.

Question 23

What is the purpose of Synoviocytes?

Answer 23

secrete synovial fluid which lubricate and nourish the cartilage

Question 24

What layers does the Serous Membrane contain?

Answer 24

contains parietal and visceral layers
Ex: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Question 25

Where are Secretions released in the Merocrine gland?

Answer 25

secretions are released from the apical surface via secretory vesicles (exocytosis)
Ex: Salivary Gland

Question 26

What do the Apocrine Glands do?

Answer 26

accumulate secretory product (in vesicles) at the apical region of a cell.
Ex: sweat glands located in the axilla

Question 27

Where does the secretory product accumulate for the Holocrine Gland?

Answer 27

in the cytosol

Question 28

How does the Holocrine Gland release its Secretions?

Answer 28

This cell ruptures, releasing its secretion.
The cell sloughs off and is replaced
Ex: Sebaceous Glands