Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are Cell Junctions?
Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells.
What are Tight Junctions?
Fluid tight seals between cells that line organ surfaces or body cavities.
What are Adherens Junctions?
Large protein structures (plaques) along the inside of cell membranes that link the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells.
help epithelial cells resist separation
What are Desmosomes?
Protein structures (plaques) which add strength to surface epithelial tissues and cardiac tissue.
What are Hemidesmosomes?
“half a desmosome”, anchor cells to their basement membrane
What are Gap Junctions?
Tiny, fluid filled channels (Connexins) between adjacent cells. Allows for the passage of ions and small molecules to pass between cells.
Epithelial Tissue Covers what?
body surfaces (internal and external).
What does Connective Tissue do?
provides protection and support of body structures.
What does Muscle Tissue do?
Provides the force necessary for movement.
What does Nervous tissue do?
Provides coordination of body activities
What is a Gland?
a cell or group of cells that secrete substances
What do Endocrine Glands do?
release their secretions into interstitial fluid. the substance then diffuses into the blood stream
Ex: Hormones
What do Exocrine Glands do?
release their secretions into ducts that empty onto the surface of epithelium
What is the Membrane?
a flat sheet of pliable tissue that covers or lines a part of the body
What does the Epithelial Membrane consist of ?
consists of epithelial cells and connective tissue (lamina propria)
What does the Mucous Membrane prevent?
prevents dehydration and mechanical protection
What does the Mucous Membrane line?
lines body cavities that open into the exterior
What does the Serous Membrane line?
lines organs inside of the body (i.e. that do not open into the exterior)
The lining of the Serous Membrane is covered in what kind of Epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
What is the Cutaneous Membrane?
the skin membrane
What does the Synovial Membrane line?
lines the cavities of freely moveable joints
Does the Synovial Membrane contain Epithelium?
No.
What is the purpose of Synoviocytes?
secrete synovial fluid which lubricate and nourish the cartilage
What layers does the Serous Membrane contain?
contains parietal and visceral layers
Ex: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
Where are Secretions released in the Merocrine gland?
secretions are released from the apical surface via secretory vesicles (exocytosis)
Ex: Salivary Gland
What do the Apocrine Glands do?
accumulate secretory product (in vesicles) at the apical region of a cell.
Ex: sweat glands located in the axilla
Where does the secretory product accumulate for the Holocrine Gland?
in the cytosol
How does the Holocrine Gland release its Secretions?
This cell ruptures, releasing its secretion.
The cell sloughs off and is replaced
Ex: Sebaceous Glands
