Scotts Final Final Review Tuesday

Question 1

Formula

Temperature conversions

Answer 1

(1.8 X °C) + 32 = °F

°C = °F - 32 / 1.8

K = °C + 273

Question 2

Kilo =

deci =

centi =

milli =

micro =

nano =

Answer 2

Kilo = 10³

deci = 10^-1

centi = 10^-2

milli = 10^-3

micro = 10^-6

nano = 10^-9

Question 3

Formula for Density

Formula for Specific Gravity

Answer 3

Density = Mass / Volume

_{mass in g/ volume in ml}

Specific Gravity = Density of substance / Density of water(1.00mL)

_{g/ml <strong>/</strong> g/ml}

Question 4

Periodic Table

What is group 1A, 2A, 7A, & 8A classified as

Answer 4

1A = Alkali

2A = Alkaline Earth Metals

7A = Halogens

8A = Inert/Noble Gases

Question 5

What is a molecular compound?

What is a ionic compound?

Answer 5

2 non metals

(+)(-)

Question 6

Electronegativity Chart

Polar = ____ to _____

Answer 6

Polar = 0.5 to 1.9

Question 7

w/v % =

ppm =

mEq =

Answer 7

w/v % = g/ml X 100

ppb = ‘’ ‘’ X 10⁶

1mEq K⁺ = 1 mmol

_{(charge indicates mmol)}

Question 8

Isotonic =

Hypotonic =

Hypertonic =

Answer 8

Isotonic = 0.95% NaCl & 5.5% Glucose

Hypotonic = less than 0.95% NaCl & 5.5% Glucose

Hypertonic = more than 0.95% NaCl & 5.5% Glucose

Question 9

Diffusion VS. Osmosis

Answer 9

Diffusion = High to Low

Osmosis = Low to High (w/ semi-permeable membrane)

Question 10

Gay Lue Law

Answer 10

Pressure Temperature Law

Directly related

Question 11

Charles Law

Answer 11

Volume and Temperature Law

Directly related

Question 12

Boyles Law

Answer 12

Pressure and Volume Law

Inversely related

Question 13

Daltons Law of PP

Answer 13

Total Pressure of Gase = Sum of partial pressures

Question 14

What is the solubility of a Gas:

Answer 14

For all gaseous solutes, an increase in temp leads to a decrease in solubility.

Question 15

Define: Electrolytes

Answer 15

Compounds that dissolve in water to form ions

Question 16

Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases:

Acids _______ H⁺

Bases _______ H⁺

Acids are proton _______.

Bases are proton _______.

Answer 16

Acids release H⁺

Bases accept H⁺

Acids are proton donors.

Bases are proton acceptors.

Question 17

Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases:

Define: Amphoteric

Answer 17

Amphoteric: Compounds that can act as acids or bases.

i.e: H₂O

Question 18

Ka values for selected acids:

Which of the following is stronger?

K_a = 2.5 x 10¹⁰

OR

K_a = 6.6 x 10^-4

(K_a refers to acids, different than K_eq)

Answer 18

K_a = 2.5 x 10¹⁰ is the stronger acid.

fyi: (larger values are stronger acids)

Question 19

1. Monosaccharides:
2. Oligosaccharides:
3. Polysaccharides:

Answer 19

1. Monosaccharides: Glucose/polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
2. Oligosaccharides: Lactose/contains 2-10 monosaccharide residues.
3. Polysaccharides: Starch/contain more than 10 monosaccharide residues.

Question 20

Net Harvest from one go around of CA cycle is what?

Answer 20

3 NADH

1 FADH₂

1 ATP

Question 21

(fatty acid catabolism)

NADH to ATP conversion

FADH₂ to ATP conversion

Answer 21

NADH X 2.5

FADH₂ X 1.5

Question 22

ATP’s produced from total oxidation (fatty acid catabolism)

NADH =

FADH_{2 =}

acetyl-CoA =

ATP =

Answer 22

NADH = Number of breaks _{(lines @ 2 cabons)}

FADH_{2 =} NADH

acetyl-CoA = NADH + 1

ATP = -2 _{(-2 to get cycle started)}

Question 23

Which term best describes electron transport chain? (fatty acid catabolism)

Answer 23

Active Transport

Question 24

Facilitated diffusion or Active Transport? (fatty acid catabolism)

H⁺ moves from the inter-membrane space, through ATP synthase, and into matrix.

H⁺ is moved to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space from the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer 24

Facilitated diffusion

Active Transport

Question 25

How can low carb high fat and protein diets result in the production of ketone bodies?

Answer 25

When glucose metabolism is impaired due to starvation or diabetes.

As glucose drops, ketone bodies rise to produce ATP​

Question 26

5’–> AGG|AAA|TCA|GAC|GAG|GGA <–3’

List the base sequence in a new DNA strand produced by DNA polymerase. What process is this called?

Answer 26

3’–> TCC|TTT|AGT|CTG|CTC|CCA <–5’

Replication

Question 27

List the base sequence in the mRNA strand formed from the new DNA strand.

DNA strand: 5’–> AGG|AAA|TCA|GAC|GAG|GGA <–3’

_codonsReplication: 3’–> TCC|TTT|AGT|CTG|CTC|CCA <–5’

_anticodonsTranscription: 5’–> <–3’

Answer 27

5’–> AGG|AAA|UCA|GAC|GAG|GGU <–3’

Question 28

Define: Genetic Code

_{Codon = 3 bases}

Answer 28

• Only one codon read at a time.
• Each codon specifies a particular amino acid.
• 64 different variations _{fyi (diff bases can still = same amino acid and not cause issue)}

Question 29

• Drawing polypeptide fragments as they would appear at physiological pH.*
• AGG|AAA|UCA|GAC|GAG|GGU mRNA*
• =*
• Arg-Lys-Ser-Asp-Glu-Gly Polypeptide Fragment*

=

Explain how to draw polypeptide fragment @ pH7.

Answer 29

• Locate Arg-Lys-Ser-Asp-Glu-Gly on amino acids chart
• Draw each amino acid
• Drop ^(-) on carboxylate ion O=C-O^-
• N⁺H₃ is now NH
• O=C-O-N-H

Question 30

List the chemical bonds or forces responsible for maintaining the following.

1. Primary structure of the protein
2. Secondary structure of the protein
3. Tertiary structure of the protein
4. Quaternary structure or the protein

Answer 30

1. Peptide bond
2. H-Bonding
3. Salt Bridge, Londons, H-Bonding, Disulfite Bridges
4. _{same as tertiery}