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Ch. 5 Reactions (test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

In _____________, the covalent and ionic bonds that hold elements and compounds together are broken and new bonds are formed.

A

Chemical reactions

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2
Q

What would you observe if you carried out the following reaction?

Na2CO3(aq) + Cs2(aq) ——-> CaCO3(s) + Na+(aq)

A

Formation of a precipitate (ppt)

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3
Q

Balancing Chemical Equations:

N2 + O2 —–> N2O

N2 + O2 —-> NO

A

2N2 + O2 —–> 2N2O

N2 + O2 —-> 2NO

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4
Q

Anytime that a substance is burned (reacts w/ O2) an oxidation reacted called _______ takes place.

A

Combustion

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5
Q

Balancing Chemical Equations:

CH4(g) + O2(g) —–> CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Which type of reaction is taking place and what will the product always be in this type of reaction?

A

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) —–> CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Anytime there is Oxygen it will be Combustion.

When C, O, & H is present in the reactant CO2(g) + H2O(g) is the product.

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6
Q

What type of reaction is Combustion?

A

Oxidation Reaction

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7
Q

Which type of oxidation reaction is taking place?

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) —–> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

A

Combustion reaction

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8
Q

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

2A + B —-> A2B

A

Addition reactions

(also known as Synthesis & Condensation reactions)

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9
Q

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

AB —-> A + B

A

Decomposition reaction

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10
Q

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

A + BC —–> B + AC

A

Single replacement reaction

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11
Q

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

AB + CD —-> CB + AD

A

Double replacement reaction

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12
Q

Oxidation and Reduction:

An atom is Oxidized if it ______ Oxygen, _______ Hydrogen, or involves the _______ of electrons.

A

Gains Oxygen

Loses Hydrogen

Loss of electrons

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13
Q

Oxidation and Reduction:

An atom is Reduced if it _______ Oxygen, _______ Hydrogen, or involves the ______ of electrons.

A

Loses Oxygen

Gains Hydrogen

Gain of electrons

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14
Q

Oxidation and Reduction:

Is carbon oxidized or is it reduced during this reaction?

CH4(g) + O2(g) —–> CO(g) + H2O(g)

A

Oxidized

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15
Q

Oxidation or Reduction?

  1. ________ gains oxygen
  2. ________ loses oxygen
  3. _______ loses hydrogen
  4. _______ gains hydrogen
  5. ________ losses electrons
  6. ________ gains electrons
A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Reduction
  3. Oxidation
  4. Reduction
  5. Oxidation
  6. Reduction
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16
Q

Which functional group is present?

A

Alcohol

(OH)

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17
Q

Which functional group is present?

A

Carboxylic Acid

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18
Q

Which functional group is present?

A

Ester

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19
Q

Reactions Involving Water:

In a ______ reaction, water is used to split a molecule.

A

Hydrolysis

(Hydro = Water / Lysis= Split)

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20
Q

Reactions Involving Water:

In a _______ reaction, water is added to a double bond.

A

Hydration

21
Q

Reactions Involving Water:

Water removed to form a double bond is a _______ reaction.

A

Dehydration

22
Q

Reactions Involving Water:

Esters can be _______

Alkenes can be _______

Alcohols can be ________

A

Hydrolyzed

Hydrated

Dehydrated

23
Q

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction):

Reduction reaction will have a ________ agent.

A

Reducing

24
Q

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction):

Hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of platinum (Pt), catalyst, acts as a ___________.

A

Reducing Agent

25
Q

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction):

During hydrogenation, the carbon atoms in the alkene are reduced because they ____________ hydrogen atoms.

A

Gain

26
Q

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction):

What are the following agents and what is their purpose?

NADPH, H+

NADH, H+

FADH2

A

Biological Reducing Agents

They deliver the equivalent of an H2 molecule

27
Q

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous

Define: Spontaneous

A

Continue to occur once they are started

28
Q

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous

Define: Nonspontaneous

A

Will not run by themselves unless something keeps them going

29
Q

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous

_______ is a key factor in determining if the process is spontaneous or not.

A

Energy

30
Q

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous

The loss of heat is __________ and the gain of heat is ___________.

A

Spontaneous

Nonspontaneous

31
Q

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous

Exothermic is the _______ of heat.

Exo = ____

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

A

Release (-)

Exo = Out

Spontaneous

32
Q

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous

Endothermic is a _______ of heat.

Endo = _____

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

A

Gain (+)

Endo = In

Nonspontaneous

33
Q

Free Energy (G):

A spontaneous process has a ______ change in energy.

A nonspontaneous process has a _____ change in energy.

A

Negative (-)

Positive (+)

34
Q

Free Energy (G):

Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi —-> 2CO2 + CoA + 3NaDH + FADH2 + GTP + 11Kcal/mol

Change in energy = _____

Change in energy is ________ because of the release of energy.

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

A

Change in energy = -11kcal/mol

Negative (-)

Spontaneous (-)

35
Q

Free Energy (G):

Increasing the temperature will make the molecules move _______.

A

Faster

36
Q

Free Energy (G):

Adding a catalyst (enzyme) will do what?

A

Speed up the reaction

37
Q

Free Energy (G):

glucose-6-phosphate —> glucose + phosphate + 3.3 kcal

  1. What is the value of the change in energy for the reactants, in kcal/mol?
  2. Is the reaction spontaneous?
  3. How would you expect decreasing the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate to affect the reaction rate?
  4. How would removing the enzyme affect the reaction rate?
A

  1. -3.3 kcal/mol
  2. Yes, because the change in energy is negative(-).
  3. Decreasing concentration will decrease reaction rate
  4. The reaction would slow or stop completely. Enzymes act as a catalyst.
38
Q

Identify the step in the cycle that involves only a hydration reaction

A

Step 7

39
Q

Substances that transport ions across cell membranes are called ________.

A

Ionophones

40
Q

Mad cow disease is caused by infected proteinaceous particles called _________.

A

Prions

41
Q

Sepsis is a medical term related to infections, and ___________ are compounds that prevent infections.

A

Antiseptics

42
Q

There are two types of dental fillings, amalgam and composites, which one will respond to changes in temp? Why?

A

Amalgam, because it contains metal.

43
Q

Which compound is known to regulate blood pressure?

A

Nitric Oxide

44
Q

A high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation that is linked to skin cancer is called ___________.

A

UV Radiation

45
Q

This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of CO2 in red blood cells to H2CO3 (carbonic acid) which breaks apart into the bicarbonate ion.

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

46
Q

What type of reaction is taking place when; 1-cyclopentene + H2 react with a Pt catalyst?

How would you draw the products?

A

Hydrogenation

Break the double bond and place hydrogens when double bond once was.

47
Q

What type of reaction is taking place when; Cyclopentane with an OH attached reacts with a catalyst H+?

How would you draw the products?

A

Dehydration

Remove the OH and draw a double bond on the cyclopentane where the OH was once connected.

(don’t draw out the H’s or you need to do them all)

48
Q

What type of reaction is taking place when; H2O is added to an Ester with an H+ as a catalyst?

How would you draw the product?

A

Ester Hydrolysis

Break the bond at the Ester and add the OH and H to the spots that recently split.

(H goes to one side and HO goes to the other.)

Scott (26 decks)

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