Ch. 4 Organic Compounds (test 2) Flashcards
How do condensed structural formula and skeletal structures differ from the electron dot and line-bond structures?
Condensed structural formula and skeletal structures are a type of shorthand that makes it easier to write out larger formula and structures without clutter.
Intermolecular Forces (IMF) are interactions between ______.
Molecules
Intermolecular Forces (IMF) do not involve the sharing of ________.
VE’s
Nonpolar molecules or nonpolar parts of molecules are attracted to one another by ________.
London Forces
_______is the result of the continuous motion of e’s w/in an atom or a compound.
London Forces
A _____ London force exists between small molecules.
Weak
A _____ London force exists between larger molecules.
Stronger
What type of bonding is taking place?
Hydrogen Bonding
(N, O, F)
What type of bonding is taking place?
Hydrogen Bonding
(N,O, F)
What type of bonding is taking place?
London Forces
What type of bonding is taking place?
Dipole-dipole
&
Hydrogen bonding
Hydrocarbons
Alkanes:
Key features?
Saturated or Unsaturated?
Name?
Atoms joined by single bonds
Saturated
Propane
Hydrocarbons
Alkenes:
Key features?
Saturated unsaturated?
Name?
At least one carbon to carbon double bond
Unsaturated
Propene
Hydrocarbons
Alkynes:
Key features?
Saturated unsaturated?
Name?
At least one carbon to carbon triple bond
Unsaturated
Propyne
Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Compounds:
Key features?
Saturated unsaturated?
Name?
Ring of alternating single and double bonds
Unsaturated
Benzene
Hydrocarbons
Double bonds are Saturated or Unsaturated?
Unsaturated
IUPAC Naming
Meth
of carbons: 1
IUPAC Naming
Eth
of carbons: 2
IUPAC Naming
Prop
of carbons: 3
IUPAC Naming
But
of carbons: 4
IUPAC Naming
Pent
of carbons: 5
IUPAC Naming
Hex
of carbons: 6
IUPAC Naming
Hept
of carbons: 7
IUPAC Naming
Oct
of carbons: 8
IUPAC Naming
Non
of carbons: 9
IUPAC Naming
Dec
of carbons: 10
IUPAC Naming
-**yl indicates what?
A branch.
Alkanes contain only ________ covalent bonds, are _______ molecules, and are attracted to one another by London forces.
Nonpolar
Nonpolar
A branch can only attach to middle carbons. Why?
If it attached on the end carbon it wouldn’t be a branch, it would be part of a chain of carbons.
Alkanes are compounds with _____ bonds.
Single
Constitutional isomers always have a different ______ from one another.
Name
Naming constitutional isomers
Hexane
Naming constitutional isomers
2-Methylpentane
Naming constitutional isomers
3-Methylpentane
Naming constitutional isomers
2,2- Dimethylbutane
Naming constitutional isomers
2,3-Dimethylbutane
(no cis or trans because freedom of rotation)
Cyclo- indicates what?
That the carbon chain is in a circle.
______ and _____ cause restricted rotation.
Double bonds
Rings
_________ allows for freedom of rotation.
Single Bonds
Geometrical Isomers come in pairs, one is _____ and one is _____.
Cis
Trans
Naming Geometric Isomerism-(Stereoisomers)
cis-2-Butane
Which two hydrocarbons can exist as geometric isomers and why?
Alkenes and Aromatic compounds
They do not allow freedom of rotation and will allow for geometric isomers. (cis & trans)
Functional Groups:
-OH is found in ______.
Alcohol
Functional Groups:
All alcohols contain a ________ functional group that is attached to an alkane-type carbon atom.
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Functional Groups:
Carboxylic acids contain a carbobxyl functional group, which is the combination of a _________ group and a _______ group.
Hydroxyl (-OH) group
Carbonyl (C=O) group
Functional Groups:
What type of functional group is this?
Carboxylic
O=C - O-H
Functional Groups:
Which type of functional group is this?
Alcohol
