Science Reviewer Presentations #4 Identify the minerals important to society Flashcards
Are crucial to industrializing any society. Therefore, areas of the world that are now transitioning from developing to industrialized societies, exhibit a rapidly growing demand for raw minerals.
Iron, copper, zinc, and alloy metals
The smooth running of modern society depends upon ____________. For the foreseeable future, most of this supply must be extracted from the ground.
abundant supplies of mineral raw resources
Phosphate rock, potash, and lime are used in agricultural fertilizers, and other mineral products are used to improve soil. The water you drink uses minerals to make it clean.
Agriculture
About 60 tonnes of aggregate are used to build an average house in the UK. If we include the associated infrastructure, this can be as high as 400 tonnes.
Construction:
Are used in building houses, schools, libraries, hospitals, offices, and shops. Buildings use a wide range of minerals:
Minerals
In the framework of large building,
Iron(as steel)
In bricks and roofing tiles
Clay
For roofing tiles
Slate
In cement
Limestone, clay, shale and gypsum
In plaster
Gypsum
In window glass
Silica sand
As aggregates for fill and in concrete
Sand and gravel and crushed rock
For plumbing and wiring
Copper
For bathroom fixtures and fitting and tiles
Clays
May include pigments, extenders, and fillers from mineral sources.
Paint
Are the most abundant crustal elements, together comprising elements, together comprising more than 70 percent by weight? It is therefore not surprising that the most abundant crustal minerals are the silicates (e. g. olivine, Mg2SiO4), followed by the oxides (e. g. hematite, Fe203)
Silicon and oxygen
are essential to our modern industrial society and they are used everywhere. For example, at breakfast, you drink some juice in a glass (made from melted quartz sand), eat from a ceramic plate (created from clay minerals heated at high temperatures), sprinkle salt (halite) on your eggs, use steel utensils (from iron ore and other minerals), read a magazine (coated with up to 50% kaolinite clay to give the glossy look), and answer your cellphone (containing over 40 different minerals including copper, silver, gold, and platinum). We need minerals to make cars, computers, appliances, concrete roads, houses, tractors, fertilizer, electrical transmission lines, and jewelry.
Mineral Resources
Minerals that are of economic value can be classified as metallic or nonmetallic. Metallic Minerals are those from which valuable metals (e.g. iron, copper) can be extracted for commercial use. Metals that are considered geochemically abundant occur at crustal abundances of 0.1 percent or more (e.g. iron, aluminum, manganese, magnesium, titanium). Metals that are considered geochemically scarce occur at crustal abundances of less than 0.1 percent (e.g. nickel, copper, zinc, platinum metals). Some important metallic minerals are: hematite (a source of iron), bauxite (a source of aluminum), sphalerite (a source of zinc) and galena (a source of lead). Metallic minerals occasionally but rarely occur as a single element (e.g. native gold or copper).
Economic value of Minerals
Are those from which valuable metals (e.g. iron, copper) can be extracted for commercial use?
Metallic Minerals
reserves consist of stone quarries and clay and sand pits chemical and fertiliser mineral deposits salt deposits deposits of quartz, gypsum, natural gem stones, asphalt and bitumen, peat and other non-metallic minerals other than coal and petroleum.
Non Metallic Minerals
A geologist defines a _________ as a naturally occurring inorganic solid with defined chemical composition and crystal structure (regular arrangement of atoms).
Mineral
