Oral communication reviewer #1 #2 and 3# Full Flashcards
Using speech to communicate—is essential in both business and interpersonal contexts. A person who wants to
succeed in the business world needs to know how to
present his or her ideas in a clear, concise way. It is
essential for a person to understand the needs and
perspectives of his or her audience as well. A person
has to know how to communicate his or her ideas in
a way that will be easily comprehensible to the
audience.
Oral Communication
Is essential to forming friendships and other types of relationships.
Oral Communication
Is the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and observations among people.
Communication
People can transmit message either:
Verbally or None Verbally
Communication among people is active. They communicate following their creative and convenient ways and methods to achieve a certain goal or objective. For instance, greeting a person or setting his/ her mood first before beginning a conversation can be the beginning of the process.
Communication as a process,
Communication binds people together. Their interaction with one another connects their understanding. For example, sharing opinions opens one to respect others’ points of view. As the word “ sorry” softens your heart, a tap on the shoulder can be the beginning of the process.
Communication as an Interaction
The activity of producing, transmitting, and receiving meaningful symbolic messages in an environment such as school, church, or any social gathering is communication. Here, people can influence or encourage others to create their own meaningful ideas. For example, teachers motivate their students to be creative and original.
Communication as a social context
Human processes spend almost _________ in communication.
70 % of daily life
Communication does not take place in a vacuum. True or false?
True
Are the main components of the communication process.
The elements of communication
Is the one who conveys the message, oral or written, influenced by postconditioning, knowledge about the subject, manner of speaking or speaking skills, present situation, communicative purpose, and attitude towards self and the listener. The sender’s goal is to ensure that his/her intended message is the message that actually communicated
The Sender ( or the speaker)
Is whatever the sender communicates to the
receiver o the information received by the receiver from the
sender. Messages are the ideas and feelings that make up the content of the process of communication.
The message
The process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands
.Encoding
Is the medium or means through which the
message is transmitted. The channel for oral communication
is the sound waves written through light waves. The primary
channel of face-to-face communication is sound and sight.
Public announcements on radio, television, records,
newspaper, and magazines in the mass media. Other channels communicate nonverbal messages through the use of the other human senses such as touching, smelling, and tasting.
The Channel
The process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver.
Decoding
Is the one who listens and decodes the conveyed message. What the speaker communicates is filtered by the receiver’s frame of reference, which includes his or her level of knowledge about the subject, language proficiency, experiences, values, and attitudes.
The receiver ( or the listener)
Is the receiver’s message that he or she sends to the source in response to the sender’s message.________ can be in the form of verbal or nonverbal response.
The Feedback
Is the time and place in which communication occurs. Communication adapts to the setting. For example , the language of students in the classroom is quite a different form the language they use at home.—the environment where communication takes place
The Situation/Context
Is also known as the interference that keeps a message from being understood or accurately interpreted. Noise occurs between the sender and receiver. As discussed previously, it can be internal or external inferences.-this are the factors affecting the flow of communication
The Noise/Barrier
Communication functions to control behavior.
Control
Communication allows individuals to interact with others.
Social Interaction
Communication motivates or encourages people to live better.
Motivation
Communication facilitates people’s expression of
their feelings and emotions.
Emotional expression
Communication functions to convey
information.
Information dissemination
was the first model of communication. It is a unidirectional model. The process is moving in one direction only, which means the speaker is sending a message to the receiver with or without effect.
Linear Model
It presents a simple communication act- the linear model does not looklike a process. Instead , It is a transmission only of a cause and effect oralso known as a one-way causality.
Linear Model
It involves persuasion, not mutual understanding- the linear model promotes influence or advice rather than a mutual understanding among communicators.
Linear Model
It values psychological effects over social effects. the linear model concentrates on the psychological effects ( such as the individual understanding of the message of the communications rather than the social effects ( like relationships among communicators)
Linear Model
The distinction of this model is its internal and external interference in the understanding of the message. The feedback makes the cycle interactive or collaborative. The elements in the communication cycle are not stable when interference is around
Interactive Model
Is a form of distraction that begins
in the thoughts of either participant’s process. This could be
in a form of anticipation of possible events. The action of
interfering or the process of being interfered with.
Internal interference
Is a form of distraction that
arises in the environment where communication is
happening. Any stimuli in the environment may distract
one’s communication.
External Interference
This model of communication is more detailed and involves more elements of communication. It is considered a situation of communication where there is a simultaneous exchange between the sender and the receiver. Face-to-face communication includes psychological communication, which involves an impression being formed in the thoughts of both parties.
Transactional Model
People engage in the communication transfer spontaneous and immediate messages. As one listen, he/she
feedback verbally and nonverbally.
Participation in continuous and simultaneous
People present in the communication react to the situation based on their own past experiences, current status, and anticipated future. All these factors definitely influence one’s shared message.
All communication has a past, present, and future
One’s role in a relationship, like the role of parents or children in the family, control his or her words and actions. These roles, whether established by society (like profession) or by the family, may be understood by different people we meet. Their perception affects our response to a different form of communication.
All communicators play roles
In the process of communication, the speaker and
the listener make use of their _______________ .
verbal and nonverbal
communication
Actions are just as important as
spoken words true/false. For communication to be effective,
one should make use of his or her verbal and nonverbal skills __________.
True, equally
Refers to our use of
words or language.
Verbal communication
Refers to the conscious of subconscious transmission
and reception of messages of information using the
body. It includes body gestures, facial expressions,
posture, and tone. It is usually influenced by one’s
culture, values, and attitude or feelings.
Non- Verbal Communication
deals with body movement, facial expression and
gestures. Example include foot tapping, leg or arm crossing ,
arching of eyebrows, slouching, bowing, standing straight,
smiling and giggling
Kinesics
Refers to the amount of distance and space
used in a communication situation. The need for distance and
space is influenced by social norms, cultural orientation,
personality, and level of familiarity. For instance, a couple is
oftentimes seated beside each other in public places or
on transportation
Proxemics
Deals with communication through touch.
Shaking a hand, hugging, and touching a person’s arm is
example of haptic communication.
Haptics
Refers to the nonverbal cues of the voice
such as volume, pitch, intonation, and tone. For example,
scriptural texts are usually read slowly with emphasis on some
word and distinct pauses between phrases or sentences to
convey the message more clearly and to allow for reflection.
Paralanguage
Involves the role of time in communication. Looking at one’s
watch or at the clock when in a lecture can convey that the speaker’s talk is very
long or that you are bored.
Chronemics
Refers to the physical look that conveys a message. How a
person looks conveys a message. A speaker’s clothing, shoes, hair, makeup,
hairstyle, height, built, and neatness influence how one gains a positive or negative
impression from others.
Appearances
Are simply objectives as tools to convey a message. These include
picture instruments, maps, and other objects which a person may use in communication. Possessions such as cars, houses, gadgets, and jewelry also
convey a nonverbal message.
Artifacts
An obstacle in a place that prevent us for completing certain task
Barrier
-A circumstance or obstacle that
prevents movement or access
Barrier
can be defined as the aspect
or conditions that interfere
with the effective exchange
of messages and ideas.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
relate to
disturbance in the immediate
the situation, which can interfere in the
the course of an effective
communication.
physical barrier
Some of them are easy to alter
whereas, some may prove to be
tough obstacles in the process of
effective communication.
physical barrier
people ways of
thinking ways of seeing, hearing, and
interpreting the world.
CULTURAL BARRIER
Similar words can mean different
things to people from different
cultures, even when they talk the
“same” language.
CULTURAL BARRIER
Inability to converse in a language that is
known by both the sender and receiver is the
greatest barrier to effective communication.
LANGAUGE
BARRIERS
When a person uses inappropriate words while
conversing or writing, it could lead to
misunderstanding between the sender and a
receiver.
LANGUAGE
BARRIERS
The emotional state may
influence your capacity
to make yourself
understood and hamper
your understanding of
others.
emotional barrier
Many times, emotional
barriers on your part or the
part of the person you are
speaking which may inhabit
your ability to
communicate on an
effective level.
emotional barrier
Relationships, respect, workplace authority and
education are common ways men and women are pitted
against each other.
GENDER BARRIER
Overcoming barriers in gender communication isn’t simple
but can be made clear with a little patience and
understanding.
GENDER BARRIER
This barrier arises because men and women have
different ways of thinking and communication
GENDER BARRIER
-The most common problem is that the people
have differences in opinions.
PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
-The varied perceptions of every individual give
rise to a need for effective communication.
PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
-We all have our own preferences, values,
attitudes, origins, and life experiences that act
as ‘filters’ on our experiences of people, events
and information.
PERCEPTUAL BARRIES
