Perv Dev Lesson 8,9,10 Flashcards

1
Q

is the process of realizing capabilities, unleashing potential, and
achieving goals, personally and professionally.

A

Personal Development

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2
Q

You must be willing to
pursue the journey of personal growth by becoming more self-aware and
learning.

A

Personal Development

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3
Q

is a powerful process that can enable deep positive and lasting change to
how we see ourselves and the world.

A

Personal Development

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4
Q

is the conscious pursuit of personal growth by
expanding self-awareness and knowledge and improving personal skills.

A

Personal Development

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5
Q

is a broad and complex concept.
Defined by Merriam-Webster as the state of being related or interrelated

A

Relationship

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6
Q

Refer to close connections between people, formed by emotional bonds and interactions.

A

Personal relationships

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7
Q

Relationships are not what?

A

Static

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8
Q

Relationships are not static; what does it mean?

A

Relationships keep on evolving

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9
Q

There are three
kinds of personal relationships:

A

Family
Friends
Partnership

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10
Q

is an essential component in any
discussion of relationships, but this varies greatly from person to
person.

A

Family

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11
Q

defines family as “two or more
persons who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who
live together as one household.”

A

The Bureau of the Census

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12
Q

In the Philippine Statistics Authority, it is defined as “as a group
of persons usually living together and composed of the head and
other persons related to the head by blood, marriage or
adoption.”

A

Family

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13
Q

can provide
as much comfort and support as traditional forms. (e.g.
Single-Parent Family, Blended Family, Cohabitating Parent
Family, etc)

A

Non-traditional family structures and roles

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14
Q

can be thought of as a close tie between two people
that is often built upon mutual experiences, shared interests,
proximity, and emotional bonding. Friends are able to turn to
each other in times of need.

A

Friendship

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15
Q

____________ social-network researchers and authors of the book
Connected, find that the average person has about _________ close
ties—though some have more, and many have only one or none.

A

Nicholas Christakis and James
Fowler; six

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16
Q

Note that ______________ don’t count toward close ties—research
indicates that a large online network isn’t nearly as powerful as
having a few close, real-life friends.

A

Online Friends

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17
Q

Including marriage, are close
relationships formed between two people that are
built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic
love.

A

Romantic partnerships

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18
Q

We usually experience this kind of relationship
with only one person at a time.

A

Romantic partnerships

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19
Q

are a vital component of
health and wellbeing.

A

Healthy relationships

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20
Q

Significance of Personal Relationship

A

Healthy relationship are a vital component of health and wellbeing.

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21
Q

There is compelling
evidence that ______________ contribute to a
long, healthy, and happy life.

A

strong relationships

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22
Q

Dan Buettner’s Blue Zones
research calculates that committing to a life partner can add 3 years to life expectancy (Researchers Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler have found that men’s life expectancy benefits from marriage more than women’s do.)

A

Live Longer

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23
Q

Dan Buettner’s Blue Zones
research calculates that committing to a life partner can add _____________ expectancy (Researchers Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler have found that men’s life expectancy benefits from marriage more than women’s do.)

A

3 years to life

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24
Q

_____________
research calculates that committing to a life partner can add 3 years to life expectancy (Researchers Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler have found that men’s life expectancy benefits from marriage more than women’s do.)

A

Dan Buettner’s Blue Zones

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25
Q

The support offered by a caring friend can provide a buffer against the effects of stress.

A

Deal with stress

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26
Q

In a study of over 100 people, researchers found that people who completed a stressful task experienced a faster recovery when they were reminded of people with whom they had strong relationships.

A

Deal with stress

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27
Q

According to research by psychologist Sheldon Cohen, college students who reported having
strong relationships were half as likely to catch a common cold when exposed to the virus. In addition,
2012 international Gallup poll found that people who feel they have friends and family to count on are
generally more satisfied with their personal health than
people who feel isolated.

A

Be healthier

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28
Q

According to research by psychologist ______________, college students who reported having
___________ were half as likely to catch a common cold when exposed to the virus.

A

Sheldon Cohen, strong relationships

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29
Q

In addition,______________ found that people who feel they have friends and family to count on are
generally more satisfied with their personal health than
people who feel isolated.

A

2012 international Gallup poll

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30
Q

A survey by the National Bureau of Economic Research of 5,000 people found that doubling your group of friends has the same effect on your wellbeing as a 50% increase in income!

A

Feel richer

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31
Q

A survey by the ____________ of __________ people found that doubling your group of friends has the same effect on your wellbeing as a 50% increase in income!

A

National Bureau of Economic Research, 5000

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32
Q

Loneliness has long been commonly associated with ___________, and now research is backing this correlation up: a 2012 study of breastcancer patients found that those with fewer satisfyingsocial connections experienced higher levels of depression, pain, and fatigue.

A

Depression

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33
Q

The authors of the same study also found a correlation between loneliness and immune system dysregulation, meaning that a lack of social connections can increase your chances of becoming sick.

A

Decreased immune function

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34
Q

a lack of social connections can increase your chances of becoming sick.

A

Decreased immune function

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35
Q

University of Chicago researchers who studied a group of 229 adults over five years found that loneliness could
predict higher blood pressure even years later, indicating that the effects of isolation have long lasting consequences.

A

Higher blood pressure

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36
Q

_________ who studied a group of _________ adults over five years found that loneliness could
predict higher blood pressure even years later, indicating that the effects of isolation have long lasting consequences.

A

University of Chicago researchers, 229

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37
Q

According to psychiatrists________________________, social alienation is an inevitable result of contemporary society’s preoccupation with materialism and frantic “busy-ness.” Their decades of research support the idea that a lack of relationships can cause multiple problems with physical, emotional, and spiritual health. The research is clear and devastating: isolation is fatal.

A

Jacqueline Old’s and Richard Schwartz

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38
Q

According to psychiatrists Jacqueline Old’s and Richard Schwartz, social alienation is an inevitable result of contemporary society’s preoccupation with materialism and frantic “busy-ness.” Their decades of research support the idea that a lack of relationships can cause multiple problems with physical, emotional, and spiritual health. The research is clear and devastating: _______________

A

isolation is fatal.

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39
Q

Connect with your family

One of the biggest challenges for families to ___________ is the busy pace of life. But Blue Zones research states that the healthiest,
longest-living people in the world all have
something in common: they put their families
first. Family support can provide comfort,
support, and even influence better health
outcomes while you are sick.

A

Connect with your family

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40
Q

Connect with your family

One of the biggest challenges for families to stay
connected is the_______________. But _____________________ that the healthiest,
longest-living people in the world all have
something in common: they put their families
first.

A

busy pace of life, Blue
Zones research states,

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41
Q

Connect with your family

One of the biggest challenges for families to stay
connected is the_______________ states. But _____________________ that the healthiest,
longest-living people in the world all have
something in common: they put their families
first.

A

busy pace of life, Blue
Zones research ,

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42
Q

Can provide comfort,
support, and even influence better health
outcomes while you are sick.

A

Family support

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43
Q

is one of the most accessible positive
emotions, and its effects can strengthen
friendships and intimate relationships. One 2010 study found that expressing gratitude toward a partner can strengthen the relationship, and this positive boost is felt by both parties—the one who expresses gratitude and the one who receives
it.

A

Gratitude

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44
Q

Disagreement, Betrayal, Quarrel happens, but deciding
on how to handle the hurt significantly affects the
healing.

A

Learn to Forgive

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45
Q

___________, head of the Stanford Forgiveness
Project, says it’s easier to let go of the anger or hurt
feelings associated with a circumstance if you remind
yourself that much of your distress is really coming
from the thoughts and feelings you are having right now
while remembering the event – not the event itself.

A

Fred Luskin

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46
Q

It is also important to be accepting of the other person
in the relationship.

A

Accept Others

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47
Q

It is also important to be ________ of the other person
in the relationship.

A

Accepting

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48
Q

Gallup researchers Jim Harter and Raksha Arora found that people who spend 6-7 hours per day socializing (which could mean hanging out with friends, sharing meals with family, or even emailing a colleague) tend to be the happiest.

A

Spend the Right Amount of Time Together

49
Q

Gallup researchers_________________ found that people who spend ____________ hours per day socializing (which could mean hanging out with friends, sharing meals with family, or even emailing a colleague) tend to be the happiest.

A

Jim Harter and Raksha Arora, 6-7 hours per day

50
Q

Gallup researchers_________________ found that people who spend ____________ hours per day socializing (which could mean hanging out with friends, sharing meals with family, or even emailing a colleague) tend to be the happiest.

A

Jim Harter and Raksha Arora, 6-7

51
Q

refer to the connections that exist between people
who have recurring interactions that are perceived by the participants
to have personal meaning.

A

Social Relationships

52
Q

refer to the connections that exist between people
who have recurring interactions that are perceived by the participants
to have personal meaning. «Who said this?»

A

(August & Rook, 2013).

53
Q

is the process of reciprocal influence exercised by
individuals over one another during social encounters.

A

Social Interactions

54
Q

Usually it refers
to face-to-face encounters in which people are physically present with
one another for a specified duration.

A

Social Interactions

55
Q

is defined as change in an
individual’s thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or
behaviors that results from interaction with
another individual or a group.

A

Social Influence

56
Q

Social influence
is distinct from __________________

A

conformity, power, and
authority.

57
Q

Occurs when an individual expresses a particular opinion
or behavior in order to fit in to a given situation or to meet the
expectations of a given other, though he does not necessarily hold that
opinion or believe that the behavior is appropriate.

A

Conformity

58
Q

Is the ability
to force or coerce someone to behave in a particular way by controlling
her outcomes.

A

Power

59
Q

Is power that is believed to be legitimate
(rather than coercive) by those who are subjected to it.

A

Authority

60
Q

are unspoken rules. Like the unwritten laws of middle
school, implicit expectations are enforced by group norms.

A

Implicit expectations

61
Q

Which occurs when you voluntarily change your behavior to imitate the
behavior of your peers.

A

Conformity

62
Q

Or expectations from a group about how certain people are supposed to
look and behave

A

Social Roles

63
Q

Are clearly and formally stated— not at all subtle.

A

Explicit expectations

64
Q

Occurs when you behave in response to a direct or indirect request.

A

Compliance

65
Q

Occurs when you behave in a particular way because someone of higher
status has ordered you to do so

A

Obedience

66
Q

Is a type of social influence
defined as a change in belief or behavior in response to real or
imagined social pressure.

A

Conformity/Majority Influence

67
Q

When people agree outwardly but dissent inwardly. It involves a change
in behavior but not necessarily in attitudes. People engage in ______________ to gain
specific rewards and/or avoid specific punishments.

A

Compliance

68
Q

is a type of social influence defined as a change in belief or behavior in response to real or imagined social pressure. It is also
known as majority ____________

A

Conformity, influence.

69
Q

When people are influenced by someone who is liked and respected.
People adopt a specific behavior (and maybe a change in attitude) because it is
associated to the desired relationship (________________).

A

Identification, Kelman, 1958

70
Q

It occurs when someone
conforms to the demands of a given social role in society.

A

Identification

71
Q

publicly changing behavior to fit in with the group while also
agreeing with them privately. An internal (private) and external (public) change of
behavior.

A

Internalization

72
Q

This is the deepest level of conformity were the beliefs of the group become
part of the individual’s own belief system.

A

Internalization

73
Q

Occurs when a small group (minority)
influences the opinion of a much larger group (majority). This can
happen when the minority behaves in the following ways.

A

Minority Influence

74
Q

Moscovici stated that being consistent and unchanging in a view
is more likely to influence the majority than if a minority is inconsistent and
chops and changes their mind.

A

Consistency

75
Q

stated that being consistent and unchanging in a view
is more likely to influence the majority than if a minority is inconsistent and
chops and changes their mind.

A

Moscovici

76
Q

When the majority is confronted with someone with
self-confidence and dedication to take a popular stand and refuses to back
own, they may assume that he or she has a point.

A

Commitment

77
Q

Occurs when a small group (minority)
influences the opinion of a much larger group (majority). This can
happen when the minority behaves in the following ways.

A

Minority Influence

78
Q

Able to adjust and adopt.

A

Flexibility

79
Q

If they appear flexible and
compromising, they are likely to be seen as less extreme, as more moderate,
cooperative and reasonable. As a result, they will have a better chance of
changing __________

A

majority views.

80
Q

Plays a major role in leadership.

A

Influence

81
Q

The action of leading a group of people or an organization.
(Merriam-Webster, n.d.)

A

Leadership

82
Q

the ability of a person
in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a
manner that goals are achieve.

A
83
Q

The ability of a person
in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a
manner that goals are achieve.

A

Leadership

84
Q

_________ defined leadership as the ability of a person
in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a
manner that goals are achieve.

A

Chester Barnard

85
Q

Is also annexed to leadership as espoused by French and Raven (1960) who said that a leader may obtain ________
through various means and sources, such as position,
giving reward/punishment, expertise, respect, or coercion.

A

Power

86
Q

Power is also annexed to leadership as espoused by _______________ who said that a leader may obtain power
through various means and sources, such as position,
giving reward/punishment, expertise, respect, or coercion.

A

French and Raven (1960)

87
Q

Leadership Theories

Top traits that leaders say are vital to good leadership
include:

A

Strong Ethics

Great self-organizational skill

Efficient learner

Nurtures growth in employees

Fosters connection and belonging

88
Q

help explain how leaders harness and develop
these traits. Recently leadership theories have been more
formalized, making them easier to understand, discuss,
and analyze in action.

A

Leadership Theories

89
Q

focuses on how leaders behave,
and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders.

A

The behavioral leadership

90
Q

it suggests that leaders aren’t
born successful, but can be created based on learnable behavior.

A

The behavioral leadership

91
Q

focus heavily on the actions of
a leader—this theory suggests that the best predictor of
leadership success is viewing how a leader acts.

A

The behavioral leadership

92
Q

sometimes called situational theory,
focuses on the context of a leader.

A

Contingency Theory

93
Q

A leader’s effectiveness is directly
determined by the ______________

A

situational context

94
Q

is a leadership style that places emphasis on change and transformation. Leaders who adopt this approach strive to inspire their followers to achieve more than they ever thought possible by tapping into their
individual potential.

A

Transformative Leadership

95
Q

Style focuses on delegating initiative to
team members. This is generally known as one of the least intrusive forms of
leadership, this literally translates to “let them do”. This is therefore considered a
very hand-off leadership style.

A

Delegative Leadership/Laissez-Faire

96
Q

Are often referred to a visionary. Leaders who adopt this style consider themselves mentors to their followers.

A

Authoritative Leadership

97
Q

Not to be confused with authoritarian leadership, authoritative leadership places more emphasis on a
“follow me” approach.

A

Authoritative Leadership

98
Q

Authoritative leadership is clearly very hands-on, but
leaders must exercise caution not to _____________

A

micromanage.

99
Q

Often referred to as managerial leadership, is a
leadership style that relies on rewards and punishments. This leadership style has a
clear emphasis on structure, assuming individuals may not possess the motivation
needed to complete their tasks.

A

Transactional Leadership

100
Q

Sometimes referred to as democratic leadership,
participative leadership is a leadership style encouraging leaders to listen to their
employees and involve them in decision-making process. This leadership style
requires leaders to be inclusive, utilize good communication skills and crucially,
be able to share power/responsibility.

A

Participative Leadership

101
Q

Suggests that good leaders are born. They have innate
traits and skills that make them great, and these are things that
can’t be taught or learned. The trait theory suggests that leaders
deserve to be in their position because of their special traits.

A

Great man theory

102
Q

Focuses on supervision, organization, and group
performance.

A

Management Theory

103
Q

Is a system of rewards and
punishments, and transactional leadership is regularly used in
business. When employees do something successful, managers
reward them.

A

Transactional leadership

104
Q

Isn’t as common in the corporate world.
Sometimes called democratic leadership, this leadership theory
suggests that employees be directly involved in decision making in
their organization.

A

Participative leadership

105
Q

The leader simply facilitates a conversation and then takes all the suggestions, and comes up with the best possible
action. In this theory, everyone is very involved with decisions for the
team and organization, with the leader simply helping direct the
charge.

A

Participative leadership

106
Q

This theory looks at the way a leader utilizes their power and
influence to get things accomplished.

A

Power Theory

107
Q

_____________ is a commonly known power theory of
leadership. It looks at positional power and personal power and
how they impact leaders choices and outcomes.

A

French and Raven’s Five
Forms of Power

108
Q

This comes from the belief that a person has the formal right to make demands, and
to expect others to be compliant and obedient.

A

Legitimate

109
Q

This results from one person’s ability to compensate another for compliance.

A

Reward

110
Q

This is based on a person’s high levels of skill and knowledge.

A

Expert

111
Q

This is the result of a person’s perceived attractiveness, worthiness and right to others’
respect.

A

Referent

112
Q

This comes from the belief that a person can punish others for noncompliance.

A

Coercive

113
Q

This results from a person’s ability to control the information that others need to
accomplish something.

A

Informational

114
Q

The ____________ of leadership focuses on leaders who are mainly
concerned about their interactions with others.

A

relationship theory

115
Q

You can’t be leader without followers.

A

Leadership is relational.

116
Q

What is required of the leader depends on the situation or context.

A

Leadership is situational.

117
Q

Leadership throughout the organisational on a daily basis is badly needed.

A

Leadership is everywhere.

118
Q

Leadership throughout the organisational on a daily basis is badly needed.

A

Leadership is everywhere.