Science Lesson 2

Question 1

Which of the following are classified as macronutrients?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, and air

Question 2

Which macronutrient is a primary source of energy for our cells?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

The constituents of proteins are called ________________________ and are the building blocks of life.

Answer 3

Amino Acids

Question 4

What macronutrient acts as a solvent for chemical reactions and transports dissolved compounds into and out of cells?

Answer 4

Water

Question 5

_______________________ breaks glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and adenosine triphosphate, which supplies the energy needed for other chemical reactions.

Answer 5

Oxygen

Question 6

These types of carbohydrates contains one or two sugars that are released and digested very quickly and tend to spike the blood sugar.

Answer 6

Simple carbohydrates

Question 7

All of the following are classified as monosaccharides EXCEPT:

Answer 7

Debose

Question 8

Oligosaccharides have all of the following functions EXCEPT:

Answer 8

Form proteins

Question 9

________________________ forms a gel-like material when it is exposed to water, which slows the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Answer 9

Soluble fiber

Question 10

________________________ is a measure of how quickly blood sugar levels rise after eating a certain food. Fifty-five or less is considered low, while 70 or more is high.

Answer 10

Glycemic index

Question 11

_________________________ is/are never fully absorbed in the small intestine and traverses to the large intestine where intestinal bacteria ferment it.

Answer 11

Resistant starch

Question 12

_________________________ strengthen cells. For instance, collagen makes up 25 percent of the body’s total protein, and it strengthens bones and connective tissue.

Answer 12

Structural proteins

Question 13

__________________________ are proteins that break molecules down to be absorbed by the body. Without these proteins, metabolic processes would happen too slowly and we would die.

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

A good estimate to determine protein needs is to multiply your weight in pounds by ______________ to get the amount of protein in grams you should have daily.

Answer 14

0.36

Question 15

True or False: Nearly all vegetables, grains, nuts and seeds contain protein.

Answer 15

True?

Question 16

A protein deficiency can cause which of the following?

Answer 16

Kwashiorkor

Question 17

Which of the following are plant-based sources of protein?

Answer 17

Peas, Chia Seeds, Quinoa, Broccoli

Question 18

______________________ are the building blocks of fat.

Answer 18

Fatty acids

Question 19

______________________ are formed during bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates in the colon.

Answer 19

Short-chain fatty acids

Question 20

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of ____________________________?

Answer 20

Polyunsaturated fats

Question 21

True or False: There are no recommended dietary allowances set for fat intake.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

All of the following are true regarding water EXCEPT:

Answer 22

Our body is made up of 90 percent water.

Question 23

What is the general rule of thumb for water intake?

Answer 23

Weight (in pounds) divided by 2 of ounces of water per day.

Question 24

__________________________ water filters do not allow bacteria thrive and trap more toxins than other types of filters.

Answer 24

Solid carbon

Question 25

True or False: Outdoor air is generally more polluted than indoor air.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Which is the following is NOT a purpose of metabolism:

Answer 26

Creates nitrogenous waste products.

Question 27

These are known as the starting chemicals before a chemical reaction:

Answer 27

Reactants

Question 28

Which of the following describes the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates?

Answer 28

Fats to Fatty Acids, Carbohydrates to Glucose, Proteins to Amino Acids