Schulze- States, nations and nationalism

Question 1

nationalism and democracy

Answer 1

During 19th c more people became politically aware and the idea of the nation became more well-known and nation and democracy were becoming more interlinked. This can be seen in the development of France and England in 19th c

This is not true for Italy and Germany, which in the eyes of Metternich had to remain gragmented to guarantee European safety. attempts at reunification would be met with resistance from jaor European powers in east unifcation made impossible by russia prussia and Austria

prussia defeating Austria in 1866 made german and Italian unification more possible and whenprussia deafeate france italians could march rome which had been protected by the french

Question 2

Bismark

Answer 2

Defeats denmark and prussia and now he formed the north german confederation 1866 centralised all armeis under prussias control and against France in 1870-71.

Question 3

England revolution

Answer 3

evolution not overthrow
the pressure of the liberal
reform
democratisation people become more involved in politics
influence scandanavia and the netherlands

Question 4

France- role of revolution in the creation of nation state

Answer 4

swearing on the constitution

Question 5

italy

Answer 5

-looks at france as an example
- IR more important for germnay and Italy than france and england
-relied on france to help against austria

Question 6

germnay

Answer 6

• adoption of revolutionary principles not a revolution itslef
  -bismark does this as the lesser evil to prevent revolution later
  -when he is disposed this is gone and reverse

Question 7

Comparing the authors:

Answer 7

• internal and external mentioned by osterhammel and shulze does this with Italy and Germany
• all agree that they have different tradjectories
• psterhannel looks for a complete typology and breuilly its sort of there more than shulze
• osterhammel is global the other two more European
• brulley territoriality
  -schulze identity eastern has identity but west does not

shulze- historiography he is outdated breuilly and osterammel argue against this simple division having said that breuilly reocgnises that thee state can exist with its boundaries whilst the inside is being nationalised