Salivary Glands Flashcards
What are the 3 major glands?
- Sublingual
- SMG
- Parotid
What is sialolithiasis?
Stones in the salvary gland ducts
What is the largest gland?
Parotid
Where does the parotid gland lie?
Anterior and inferior to the ear
What is another name for the parotid gland duct?
Stensen
What gland are tumors and neoplasms most common in?
Parotid
SF of parotid gland?
- Homogenous
- Echogenic compared to surrounding muscle
- Superficial
- Deep lobe is not well seen
What is another name for sublingual gland duct?
- Collection of 8-20 different ducts and are collectively known as “Rivinus duct”.
- The largest of the Rivinus ducts = BARTHOLIN duct
SF of sublingual gland?
- Homogenous
- Triangle shape
- Echogenic compared to surrounding muscle
Where does the SMG lie in relation to mandible?
Medial
What gland produces the most saliva in the mouth?
SMG
What gland does not contain lymph nodes?
SMG
Which artery is known to course through the SMG?
Facial artery
SF of SMG?
- Homogenous
- Echogenic
- Superficial
What is the most common disease of the salivary gland?
Sialolithiasis
Which gland is the most common site for sialolithiasis?
SMG
What population is sialolithiasis most common?
Males aged 30-60
SF of sialolithiasis?
- Echogenic focus
- Possible enlarged duct
- Possibly stone shadowing
- Enlarged gland
What is sialadenitis?
Inflammation of salivary glands
SF of acute vs chronic sialadenitis?
Acute:
1. Enlarged
2. Hypoechoic
3. Hyperemic
4. Duct dilation
Chronic:
1. Atrophy
2. Hypoechoic with irregular margins
What is the most common salivary gland tumor and location?
Pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland
What tumor is AKA “benign mixed tumor”?
Pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland
What two risk factors are associated with pleomorphic adenoma?
- Middle age
- Prior radiation to the neck
SF of pleomorphic adenoma?
- Hypoechoic with posterior enhancement
- Poorly encapsulated
What gland is the most common site for Warthin’s tumor?
Parotid gland
Is Warthin’s tumor benign or malignant?
Benign
What two risk factors are associated with Warthin’s tumor?
- Smoking
- Radiation
SF of Warthin’s tumor?
- Ovoid, well-defined with cystic spaces
- Hypoechoic
- Hypervascular
What SF are more indicative of Warthin’s tumor vs pleomorphic adenoma?
Hypervascularity and cystic components
In what tumor do larger lesions (>5cm) usually have more cystic components?
Warthin’s tumor
What is Sjogren syndrome?
Autoimmune disease of the exocrine glands that produce tears or saliva
What is the 2nd most common autoimmune disease after rheumatoid arthritis?
Sjogren syndrome
CP of sjogren syndrome?
- xeropthalmia
- xerostomia
- Bilateral parotid enlargement
Early vs late SF of sjogren syndrome?
Early:
1. Normal or enlarged gland
2. Hypoechoic
Later:
1. Atrophic gland
2. Multi-cystic appearance
What disease is considered to be on the IgG4-related disease spectrum?
Mikulicz syndrome
Mikulicz syndrome criteria?
Non-specific inflammatory enlargement of at least 2 or more of the salivary or lacrimal glands
CP of Mikulicz syndrome?
- Bilaterally painless
- Bilateral inflammation of lacrimal or salivary galnds
- Xeropthalmia
- Xerostomia
Which diseases include both the salivary AND lacrimal glands?
- Sjogren syndrome
- Mikulicz syndrome
What is the most common cause of Sjogren syndrome?
Autoimmune disorder
