Neck Anatomy and Thyroid Flashcards
Laryngeal prominence is at the level of what in the throat?
Thyroid cartilage
What are the 4 strap muscles also called?
Infrahyoid muscles
What are the 4 strap muscles called?
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Omohyoid
- Thyrohyoid
Where is SCM in relation to strap muscles?
Lateral and superficial
Where is the anterior scalene muscle in relation to longus colli?
Posterolateral
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4
What are the three main salivary glands?
- Sublingual
- Submandibular
- Parotid
What neck region contains the submandibular gland?
1B
What neck region contains the jugulodigastric nodes?
2A
Neck region 3 is between what two landmarks?
Region 3 starts at the hyoid bone and goes to the inferior portion of cricoid cartilage
What is the largest node in the neck?
Jugulodigastric node
What neck region contains the medial supraclavicular nodes?
4
What neck region contains the lateral supraclavicular nodes?
5B
Where does neck region 4 begin?
Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
What is the function of the thyroid?
Controls BMR and also synthesizes, stores, and secretes thyroid hormone
Where do the superior thyroid arteries arise from and how many are there?
Arise from external carotid artery and there are 2
Where do the inferior thyroid arteries arise from and how many are there?
Arise from thyrocervical trunk which comes off the subclavian artery and there are 2
What artery in the thyroid may or may not be present?
Thyroid IMA
Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into?
IJV
Where does the inferior thyroid veins drain into?
BCV
What are the three main thyroid hormones?
T3, T4, calcitonin
What is the function of calcitonin?
Lowers blood calcium levels
What do follicular cells process?
Iodine
What structures does the regulatory system involve?
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior pituitary
- Thyroid gland
What two things bind within the colloid of thyroid follicles to form thyroid hormones?
- Iodine
- Thyroglobulin protein
Where is thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) secreted from?
Hypothalamus
Where is thyroid stimulating hormone secreted from?
Anterior pituitary
What is the earliest gland to form in the embryo?
Thyroid
When is the thyroid a fully developed gland in utero?
End of first trimester
Through what structure do cells migrate down the neck to form the thyroid?
Thyroglossal tract/duct
What is the most common thyroid variation?
Pyramidal lobe - extending upward from isthmus most of the time
What is the most severe variation of the thyroid?
Athyrosis - associated with cretinism AKA congenital hypothyroidism
What is calcitonin secreted by?
Parafollicular cells (c-cells)
The thyroid begins to develop in utero at the level of what structure?
Primitive pharynx
What is the most common ectopic location of the thyroid?
Lingual
