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Pediatric and Superficial Structures > Neck Anatomy and Thyroid > Flashcards

Neck Anatomy and Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Laryngeal prominence is at the level of what in the throat?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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2
Q

What are the 4 strap muscles also called?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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3
Q

What are the 4 strap muscles called?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
  3. Omohyoid
  4. Thyrohyoid
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4
Q

Where is SCM in relation to strap muscles?

A

Lateral and superficial

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5
Q

Where is the anterior scalene muscle in relation to longus colli?

A

Posterolateral

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6
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

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7
Q

What are the three main salivary glands?

A
  1. Sublingual
  2. Submandibular
  3. Parotid
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8
Q

What neck region contains the submandibular gland?

A

1B

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9
Q

What neck region contains the jugulodigastric nodes?

A

2A

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10
Q

Neck region 3 is between what two landmarks?

A

Region 3 starts at the hyoid bone and goes to the inferior portion of cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

What is the largest node in the neck?

A

Jugulodigastric node

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12
Q

What neck region contains the medial supraclavicular nodes?

A

4

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13
Q

What neck region contains the lateral supraclavicular nodes?

A

5B

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14
Q

Where does neck region 4 begin?

A

Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

What is the function of the thyroid?

A

Controls BMR and also synthesizes, stores, and secretes thyroid hormone

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16
Q

Where do the superior thyroid arteries arise from and how many are there?

A

Arise from external carotid artery and there are 2

17
Q

Where do the inferior thyroid arteries arise from and how many are there?

A

Arise from thyrocervical trunk which comes off the subclavian artery and there are 2

18
Q

What artery in the thyroid may or may not be present?

A

Thyroid IMA

19
Q

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into?

A

IJV

20
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

A

BCV

21
Q

What are the three main thyroid hormones?

A

T3, T4, calcitonin

22
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Lowers blood calcium levels

23
Q

What do follicular cells process?

A

Iodine

24
Q

What structures does the regulatory system involve?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Anterior pituitary
  3. Thyroid gland
25
Q

What two things bind within the colloid of thyroid follicles to form thyroid hormones?

A
  1. Iodine
  2. Thyroglobulin protein
26
Q

Where is thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) secreted from?

A

Hypothalamus

27
Q

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone secreted from?

A

Anterior pituitary

28
Q

What is the earliest gland to form in the embryo?

A

Thyroid

29
Q

When is the thyroid a fully developed gland in utero?

A

End of first trimester

30
Q

Through what structure do cells migrate down the neck to form the thyroid?

A

Thyroglossal tract/duct

31
Q

What is the most common thyroid variation?

A

Pyramidal lobe - extending upward from isthmus most of the time

32
Q

What is the most severe variation of the thyroid?

A

Athyrosis - associated with cretinism AKA congenital hypothyroidism

33
Q

What is calcitonin secreted by?

A

Parafollicular cells (c-cells)

34
Q

The thyroid begins to develop in utero at the level of what structure?

A

Primitive pharynx

35
Q

What is the most common ectopic location of the thyroid?

A

Lingual

Pediatric and Superficial Structures (23 decks)

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