Introduction to Peds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the age range of a pediatric?

A

Birth to 18

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2
Q

What are the names of the meninges?

A
  1. Dura mater - toughest layer
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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3
Q

Between what meninges does CSF live?

A

Arachnoid and pia

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4
Q

The anterior fontanelle is formed by the junction of what sutures?

A

Frontal, coronal, sagittal

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5
Q

How long is the anterior fontanelle open for?

A

2 years

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6
Q

What gives the brain its surface area?

A

Gyri and sulci

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7
Q

What are the fissures and what do they separate?

A
  1. Longitudinal - separates L and R lobes
  2. Lateral/sylvian - separates frontal and parietal from temporal
  3. Parieto-occipital - separates occipital from parietal
  4. Central - Separates parietal from frontal
  5. Transverse - separates cerebrum from cerebellum
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8
Q

In what fissure lies the falx cerebri?

A

Interhemispheric/longitudinal

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9
Q

What fold of dura separates the cerebrum from cerebellum?

A

Tentorium

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10
Q

What meningeal layer contains venous sinuses?

A

Dura mater

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11
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Fold of dura that runs along the longitudinal fissure

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12
Q

What sinuses run along the falx cerebri?

A

Inferior and superior sagittal sinus

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13
Q

What sinus lies within the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Transverse sinus

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14
Q

What does the falx cerebelli divide?

A

Two cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

What structure connects the arachnoid mater to pia mater?

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

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16
Q

What is the function of arachnoid granulations?

A

Site where CSF is absorbed into the bloodstream

17
Q

How can you determine on ultrasound if fluid is in the subarachnoid space or subdural space?

A

If there are vessels crossing the fluid, it is the subarachnoid space. If not, its in the subdural space

18
Q

What duct connect the lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle?

A

Foramen of Monroe / interventricular foramina

19
Q

What duct connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

Aqueduct of sylvius / cerebral aqueduct

20
Q

What does the fourth ventricle drain into?

A

Foramina or luschka and magendie

21
Q

CSF is reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulations into what sinus?

A

Superior sinuses

22
Q

What is the region on the lateral ventricle where the occipital, anterior, and temporal regions join?

A

Trigone AKA atrium

23
Q

What is the function of the CP?

A

Produce and regulate CSF

24
Q

What part of the CP is CSF mostly produced and is also the largest part of the CP?

A

Glomus

25
Q

Where does the CP taper?

A

Caudothalamic groove

26
Q

CP does NOT extend into what?

A

Frontal or occipital horns

27
Q

What is the largest white matter structure in the brain?

A

Corpus callosum

28
Q

Corpus callosum allows communication between what?

A

R and L sides of the cerebrum

29
Q

Corpus callosum forms the roof of what ventricles?

A

Lateral and 3rd

30
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the corpus callosum from anterior to posterior?

A
  1. Rostrum - anterior
  2. Genu
  3. Body
  4. Splenium - posterior
31
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Paired gray matter structures located between the cerebrum and midbrain

32
Q

Function of the thalamus?

A

Relay nerve impulses from sensory information

33
Q

Is the caudate nucleus made of gray or white matter?

A

Gray

34
Q

What ventricle does the cisterna magna communicate with?

A

4th

35
Q

What is the posterior extension of the CSP in premies called?

A

Cavum vergae

36
Q

When should the CSP be closed completely?

A

6-8 months old

37
Q

When does the closure of the CSP begin?

A

About 6 months