Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric and Superficial Structures > Malignant Breast Pathology > Flashcards

Malignant Breast Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the majority of breast cancers occur? (hint: quadrants)

A

UOQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the risk factors of breast CA?

A
  1. Increased age
  2. Female
  3. History of breast CA
  4. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F? Breast CA is the leading cause of cancer in women?

A

FALSE: it’s the 2nd most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is non-invasive breast cancer termed?

A

Carcinoma in-situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of non-invasive carcinomas?

A

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common non-invasive cancer?

A

DCIS - ductal carcinoma in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between LCIS and DCIS?

A

LCIS is confined to the lobules or ducts within the lobules

DCIS is confined to within the DUCTS either in the lobules or surrounding lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are malignant cells located in DCIS?

A

Confined within the ducts and does not surround outside tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the earliest form of cancer that can be detected on ultrasound?

A

DCIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SF of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?

A
  1. Microcalcifications
  2. Distension of ducts
  3. Hypoechoic mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Paget disease?

A

Cancer of the epidermis of the nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are patient symptoms of Paget disease?

A
  1. Nipple discharge
  2. Itching
  3. Eczema like crusting of nipple or redness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it mean when breast cancer is invasive?

A

It has spread to other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two ways breast cancer can spread?

A
  1. Via blood
  2. Via lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common breast cancer?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do invasive ductal carcinomas have a good prognosis?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which quadrant of the breast does IDC usually occur?

A

UOQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SF of IDC?

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Spiculated
  3. Irregular shaped
  4. Microcalcifications
  5. Shadowing
  6. Non-parallel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the second most invasive breast malignancy?

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does ILC have higher rates of being multifocal, multicentric and bilateral than IDC?

A

Because it’s diffuse rather than focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SF of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)?

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Spiculated
  3. Irregular, ill-defined
  4. Shadowing
  5. NO calcifications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are major differences in SF between IDC and ILC?

A

IDC - mass like and has calcifications and a symptom is bloody nipple discharge

ILC - diffuse and no calcifications and “shrinking” of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four types of special-type invasive ductal carcinomas?

A
  1. Papillary
  2. Medullary
  3. Tubular
  4. Colloid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Patient symptoms of Medullary carcinoma?

A
  1. Palpable
  2. Mobile
  3. Soft
  4. Grows rapidly
  5. UOQ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

SF of medullary carcinoma?

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Well-circumscribed
  3. Lobulations
  4. Round
  5. Vascularity
  6. Central necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In what population is medullary carcinoma most common?

A

Before age 50

27
Q

Colloid carcinoma is also known as?

A

Mucinous carcinoma

28
Q

In what population is colloid carcinoma most common?

A

Elderly women

29
Q

Is colloid carcinoma slow or fast growing?

A

SLOW growing

30
Q

SF of colloid carcinoma?

A
  1. Iso-/hypoechoic
  2. Well-circumscribd
  3. Lobulated
  4. Homogenous or mildly heterogenous
31
Q

What carcinoma has a higher incidence in men?

A

Papillary

32
Q

In what population of women is papillary carcinoma most common?

A

Elderly women

33
Q

What is the prominent patient symptom for papillary carcinoma?

A

Bloody nipple discharge

34
Q

SF of papillary carcinoma?

A
  1. Overlap of benign and malignant characteristics
  2. Prominent vascularity or vascular stalk
35
Q

Intra-cystic types of what cancer contain bloody fluid?

A

Papillary

36
Q

Common size for tubular carcinoma?

A

<2cm - slow growing

37
Q

Which carcinoma is also known as prominent reactive fibrosis?

A

Tubular carcinoma

38
Q

What type of carcinoma occurs when highly invasive CA infiltrates the lymphatics of the skin?

A

Inflammatory carcinoma

39
Q

What pathology shows signs of “orange peel appearance of the skin”?

A

Inflammatory carcinoma

40
Q

What can inflammatory carcinoma mimic?

A

Mastitis

41
Q

SF of inflammatory carcinoma?

A
  1. Edema/thickened skin
  2. Hypoechoic shadowing mass
  3. Spiculated
  4. Hypervascular SURROUNDING tissues
42
Q

What are the 3 routes for METS of the breast?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Lymphatics
  3. Direct extension
43
Q

Where is the first site of mets spread to with primary breast cancer?

A

Ipsi-lateral axillary lymph nodes - SLN

44
Q

What lymph node is at most risk of metastases?

A

Sentinel node (SN)

45
Q

What other organs are the most frequent for breast cancer to spread?

A
  1. Bone
  2. Liver
  3. Lung
  4. Brain
46
Q

What is the most common metastases site FROM the breast?

A

Axillary lymph node - Sentinel Node

47
Q

What is the most common and 2nd most common metastases site TO the breast?

A
  1. M/C = The contralateral breast
  2. 2nd M/C = melanoma
48
Q

SF of suspicious lymph nodes?

A
  1. Node enlargement
  2. Loss of fatty hilum
  3. Rounded shape
  4. Hypoechoic or heterogenous
49
Q

What is the normal size of a benign intra-mammary lymph node?

A

< or = 1cm

50
Q

What is the most common male breast abnormality?

A

Gynecomastia

51
Q

Cause of gynecomastia?

A

Abnormal estrogen to testosterone levels

52
Q

Gynecomastia vs. pseudo-gynecomastia?

A

Gynecomastia = proliferation of ductal tissues

Pseudo-gynecomastia = Fatty deposits WITHOUT tissue proliferation

53
Q

T or F? Pseudo-gynecomastia is a normal variant?

A

TRUE

54
Q

SF of gynecomastia

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Triangular area beneath areola
55
Q

What is the most common primary breast cancer in men?

A

IDC

56
Q

Where is primary breast cancer in men usually located?

A

Beneath the areloa

57
Q

Male age of incidence of breast cancer?

A

Over 60 years

58
Q

What is male breast cancer strongly associated with? (2)

A
  1. Klinefelter syndrome
  2. Genetics
59
Q

Male patient symptoms of breast cancer?

A
  1. Bloody nipple discharge
  2. Nipple retraction or ulceration
  3. Hard and painless
  4. Palpable axillary nodes
60
Q

SF of male breast cancer?

A
  1. Hypoechoic
  2. Complex
  3. Well-circumscribed
  4. Irregular, spiculated
  5. Vascular
61
Q

Where do malignant breast masses most commonly originate from?

A

The ducts (TDLU)

62
Q

What stage (0-3) is DCIS considered to be?

A

Stage 0

63
Q

Paget disease is often initiated by underlying what?

A

DCIS within a main subareolar duct

Pediatric and Superficial Structures (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions