Miscellaneous Lymph Nodes

Question 1

Lymphadenopathy vs Lymphadenitis?

Answer 1

Lymphadenopathy - abnormal size or consistency due to inflammation, primary neoplasia, or mets

Lymphadenitis - enlargement specific to inflammation (will typically keep nodal shape and fatty hilum)

Question 2

What will lymphadenitis keep as their sonographic features, whereas lymphadenopathy does not?

Answer 2

Oval shape and fatty hilum

Question 3

SF of an abnormal lymph node?

Answer 3

1. Increased size
2. Hypoechoic
3. Round instead of oval
4. Asymmetric cortical thickness
5. Chaotic vascularity
6. Loss of fatty hilum

Question 4

SF of metastatic lymph node?

Answer 4

1. Echogenic
2. Heterogenous

Question 5

What group of axillary lymph nodes receive most lymph drainage?

Answer 5

Anterior (pectoral) group

Question 6

What are the 5 classifications of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 6

1. Anterior (pectoral) group - receives most lymph drainage
2. Posterior (subscapular)
3. Lateral (axillary vein)
4. Central - most superficial and easy to palpate
5. Apical (medial, infraclavicular)

Question 7

Where do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes live?

Answer 7

Immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament

Question 8

Where do the deep inguinal lymph nodes live?

Answer 8

Medial to the femoral vein

Question 9

Are there typically more superficial or deep lymph nodes in the groin?

Answer 9

More superficial nodes

Question 10

What is the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 10

Medial side of the biceps femoris

Question 11

What is the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 11

Lateral border of semimembranosus muscle

Question 12

What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 12

Gastrocnemius - medial and lateral heads

Question 13

What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 13

Knee

Question 14

What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 14

Skin, subcutaneous fascia, tissue

Question 15

What contents are included in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 15

1. Fat
2. Pop artery
3. Pop vein
4. Tibial nerve
5. Peroneal nerve
6. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
7. SSV
8. Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 16

Where are bakers cysts located in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 16

Between the medial head of the gastroc muscle and the semimembranousus tendon

Question 17

T or F? Bakers cysts have communication with the knee joint?

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

SF of a bakers cyst?

Answer 18

1. Well defined cysts with a NECK extending into the joint space between the medial head of the gastroc muscle and the semimembranosus tendon
2. Anechoic
3. Could have debris
4. Avascular

Question 19

Are popliteal artery aneurysms more common in males or females?

Answer 19

MALES

Question 20

Popliteal artery aneurysms have a strong association with what?

Answer 20

AAA

Question 21

How can you tell a popliteal artery aneurysm from a bakers cyst?

Answer 21

TURN ON CD

Question 22

SF of popliteal artery aneurysm?

Answer 22

1. Dilation of the artery
2. Possible plaques
3. Colour within the true lumen

Question 23

What is cystic adventitial disease?

Answer 23

Mucinous cyst within the adventitia of the vessel wall

Question 24

SF of cystic adventitial disease?

Answer 24

1. Anechoic or hypoechoic lesion on arterial wall
2. Possible arterial stenosis

Question 25

How large can lipomas be?

Answer 25

2-10cm