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A&P 3.1 > Saliva, teeth, esophagus > Flashcards

Saliva, teeth, esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What does saliva contain?

A

Contains water (97%), enzymes, mucus, chloride, phosphate, bicarb ions

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2
Q

Why is saliva important?

A

Moisten mouth
Digest some starch (salivary amylase from parotid and sublingual glands)
Cleans teeth
Inhibits bacterial growth with lysozyme
Dissolve molecules to stimulate taste buds

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3
Q

What does saliva do?

A

IgA- immunoglobulin A
Enzymes- Salivary amylase, lysozyme
Water- Dissolves food for faster digestion
Mucus- to lubricate gland
Ion function- Chloride activates salivary amylase, phosphate and bicarb ions

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4
Q

Which nervous system keeps saliva flowing? Which causes drymout?

A

PNS- keeps saliva flowing

Sympathetic system- Dominates during stress, causes “dry mouth”

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5
Q

How does saliva “buffer” the mouth?

A

Monitors and maintains pH

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6
Q

When ______ enters the mouth, triggers saliva production

A

food

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7
Q

What happens to the salivary glands during nausea?

A

Will start salivating just before vomiting, to protect

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8
Q

How many baby teeth are there? What are they called?

A

20 primary teeth,

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9
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32 permanent teeth (including wisdom teeth)

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10
Q

Each tooth is in its own _______ held in place by ________ _________.

A

Alveolus

periodontal ligaments

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11
Q

What are insisors for?

A

designed for cutting

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12
Q

What are canines for?

A

Designed for tearing/piercing/shredding

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13
Q

What are molars for?

A

Designed for grinding/crushing

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14
Q

There are __ sets of premolars, which are also called ______.

A

2

Bicuspids

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15
Q

How many molars are there? What is the last one called?

A

3

Wisdom tooth

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16
Q

What is an impacted tooth?

A

Cannot erupt because blocked

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17
Q

When is enamel produced?

A

Before eruption

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18
Q

How thick is enamel? Is it replaceable?

A

About as thick as a dime

No

19
Q

What is the hardest substance in the human body?

A

Enamel

20
Q

What is dentin? What color is it?

A

A protein-rich bone-like material

Yellow-ish

21
Q

_____ forms the bulk of a tooth

A

Dentin

22
Q

When does dentin act as a “shock absorber”?

A

During chewing and biting

23
Q

______ surrounds the pulp cavity.

A

Dentin

24
Q

What is the pulp cavity? What does it contain?

A

A central cavity containing CT, blood vessels, and nerve fibers

25
Q

What is the medical term for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

26
Q

What are the three phases of deglutition?

A

Buccal phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

27
Q

Which phase of deglutition is voluntary?

A

Only the buccal phase

28
Q

During the buccal phase, a bolus of food pushed into the _________, the ______ ____ blocks the nasopharynx, the _______ blocks off the mouth and the _______ tips posteriorly to cover the opening to the larynx

A

oropharynx
soft palate
tongue
epiglottis

29
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of deglutition?

A

Draws the bolus into the esophagus

30
Q

In the esophageal phase of deglutition, a wave of ________ takes bolus of food through the esophagus. The ______ muscles above bolus contract to push is down.

A

peristalsis

circular

31
Q

In esophageal deglutition, ________ muscle below bolus widen as it contracts.

A

Longitudinal

32
Q

Can you swallow upside down? How?

A

Yes. Due to peristalsis and the clsoing of longitudinal muscles.

33
Q

After a meal, a little extra ______ is produced to clean the mouth.

A

saliva

34
Q

What is the opening where esophagus pierces diaphragm?

A

Esophageal hiatus

35
Q

Where does the esophagus join the stomach?

A

At the cardiac orofice

36
Q

What 4 tunics does the esophagus have?

A

Tunica mucosa
Tunica submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Tunica adventitia

37
Q

What epithelium is in the tunica muscosa of the esophagus?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

38
Q

What is in the submucosal tunic of the esophagus?

A

CT, numerous mucus-producing glands, to lubricate food

39
Q

What kind of muscles are in the tunica muscularis of the esophagus? How are they divided up?

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles
Superior ⅓ is skeletal muscle
Middle ⅓ is a mix of skeletal and smooth muscle
Inferior ⅓ is smooth muscle

40
Q

What is the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

Circular muscle that relaxes during swallowing

41
Q

What is the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

(LES sphincter)- Relaxes to allow food in, then closes (to prevent reflux)

42
Q

What is GERD? And what is a common symptom?

A

Gastroesophageal refulx disease

Hearthburn

43
Q

Anatomically, how does heartburn occur?

A

When LES sphincter doesn’t close, reflux or a “burning sensation is caused
Leads to acid destruction of lower esophagus

44
Q

What is a peptic ulcer?

A

When HCl and pepsin erode the walls of the stomach, can also occur in esophagus and duodenum

A&P 3.1 (20 decks)

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