Saliva, teeth, esophagus

Question 1

What does saliva contain?

Answer 1

Contains water (97%), enzymes, mucus, chloride, phosphate, bicarb ions

Question 2

Why is saliva important?

Answer 2

Moisten mouth
Digest some starch (salivary amylase from parotid and sublingual glands)
Cleans teeth
Inhibits bacterial growth with lysozyme
Dissolve molecules to stimulate taste buds

Question 3

What does saliva do?

Answer 3

IgA- immunoglobulin A
Enzymes- Salivary amylase, lysozyme
Water- Dissolves food for faster digestion
Mucus- to lubricate gland
Ion function- Chloride activates salivary amylase, phosphate and bicarb ions

Question 4

Which nervous system keeps saliva flowing? Which causes drymout?

Answer 4

PNS- keeps saliva flowing

Sympathetic system- Dominates during stress, causes “dry mouth”

Question 5

How does saliva “buffer” the mouth?

Answer 5

Monitors and maintains pH

Question 6

When ______ enters the mouth, triggers saliva production

Answer 6

food

Question 7

What happens to the salivary glands during nausea?

Answer 7

Will start salivating just before vomiting, to protect

Question 8

How many baby teeth are there? What are they called?

Answer 8

20 primary teeth,

Question 9

How many permanent teeth are there?

Answer 9

32 permanent teeth (including wisdom teeth)

Question 10

Each tooth is in its own _______ held in place by ________ _________.

Answer 10

Alveolus

periodontal ligaments

Question 11

What are insisors for?

Answer 11

designed for cutting

Question 12

What are canines for?

Answer 12

Designed for tearing/piercing/shredding

Question 13

What are molars for?

Answer 13

Designed for grinding/crushing

Question 14

There are __ sets of premolars, which are also called ______.

Answer 14

2

Bicuspids

Question 15

How many molars are there? What is the last one called?

Answer 15

3

Wisdom tooth

Question 16

What is an impacted tooth?

Answer 16

Cannot erupt because blocked

Question 17

When is enamel produced?

Answer 17

Before eruption

Question 18

How thick is enamel? Is it replaceable?

Answer 18

About as thick as a dime

No

Question 19

What is the hardest substance in the human body?

Answer 19

Enamel

Question 20

What is dentin? What color is it?

Answer 20

A protein-rich bone-like material

Yellow-ish

Question 21

_____ forms the bulk of a tooth

Answer 21

Dentin

Question 22

When does dentin act as a “shock absorber”?

Answer 22

During chewing and biting

Question 23

______ surrounds the pulp cavity.

Answer 23

Dentin

Question 24

What is the pulp cavity? What does it contain?

Answer 24

A central cavity containing CT, blood vessels, and nerve fibers

Question 25

What is the medical term for swallowing?

Answer 25

Deglutition

Question 26

What are the three phases of deglutition?

Answer 26

Buccal phase Pharyngeal phase Esophageal phase

Question 27

Which phase of deglutition is voluntary?

Answer 27

Only the buccal phase

Question 28

During the buccal phase, a bolus of food pushed into the _________, the ______ ____ blocks the nasopharynx, the _______ blocks off the mouth and the _______ tips posteriorly to cover the opening to the larynx

Answer 28

oropharynx soft palate tongue epiglottis

Question 29

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of deglutition?

Answer 29

Draws the bolus into the esophagus

Question 30

In the esophageal phase of deglutition, a wave of ________ takes bolus of food through the esophagus. The ______ muscles above bolus contract to push is down.

Answer 30

peristalsis | circular

Question 31

In esophageal deglutition, ________ muscle below bolus widen as it contracts.

Answer 31

Longitudinal

Question 32

Can you swallow upside down? How?

Answer 32

Yes. Due to peristalsis and the clsoing of longitudinal muscles.

Question 33

After a meal, a little extra ______ is produced to clean the mouth.

Answer 33

saliva

Question 34

What is the opening where esophagus pierces diaphragm?

Answer 34

Esophageal hiatus

Question 35

Where does the esophagus join the stomach?

Answer 35

At the cardiac orofice

Question 36

What 4 tunics does the esophagus have?

Answer 36

Tunica mucosa Tunica submucosa Tunica muscularis Tunica adventitia

Question 37

What epithelium is in the tunica muscosa of the esophagus?

Answer 37

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 38

What is in the submucosal tunic of the esophagus?

Answer 38

CT, numerous mucus-producing glands, to lubricate food

Question 39

What kind of muscles are in the tunica muscularis of the esophagus? How are they divided up?

Answer 39

Inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles Superior ⅓ is skeletal muscle Middle ⅓ is a mix of skeletal and smooth muscle Inferior ⅓ is smooth muscle

Question 40

What is the upper esophageal sphincter?

Answer 40

Circular muscle that relaxes during swallowing

Question 41

What is the lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 41

(LES sphincter)- Relaxes to allow food in, then closes (to prevent reflux)

Question 42

What is GERD? And what is a common symptom?

Answer 42

Gastroesophageal refulx disease | Hearthburn

Question 43

Anatomically, how does heartburn occur?

Answer 43

When LES sphincter doesn’t close, reflux or a “burning sensation is caused Leads to acid destruction of lower esophagus

Question 44

What is a peptic ulcer?

Answer 44

When HCl and pepsin erode the walls of the stomach, can also occur in esophagus and duodenum