Lung Anatomy Flashcards
The “bronchial tree” extends from the _____ bronchus to about ______ terminal bronchioles
main
65,000
What is a primary bronchi?
One to each lung, outside the lungs, connects the trachea to lungs
What is significant about the right primary bronchi?
R Primary bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider, making it a more likely destination for an aspirated object
What is a secondary bronchi?
Inside the lung, go to the lobes of the lung
How many lobes does each lung have?
Right- 3 lobes
Left- 2 lobes
What is a tertiary bronchi?
Go to each of the bronchopulmonary segments
How many bronchiopulmonary segments are in each lung?
Right: 10 bronchiopulmonary segments
Left: 8 bronchiopulmonary segments
From the tertiary bronchi, smaller and smaller divisions of bronchi extend until they are called _______ (terminal vs respiratory) which then become alveolar ______ that connect to _______.
bronchioles
ducts
alveoli
What kind of epithelium is in bronchioles?
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium turns to simple squamous for better gas exchange
What kind of lymphatic tissue is present in the bronchial tree?
BALT (bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue)
Describe the cartilaginous rings that support bronchi as the bronchi get smaller
Cartilaginous rings get smaller and smaller, turn to plates, then disappear completely
What kind of muscle surrounds the bronchi?
Smooth muscle
Each lung has a ______ tissue, but only the right lung has a ______ fissure.
Oblique fissure
Horizontal fissure
Each lung has a ______ fissure, but only the right lung has a ______ fissure.
Oblique fissure
Transverse fissure
The broad _____ of the lung rests upon the ________, and the top of the lung is the ______.
Base
Diaphragm
Apex
What is the hilum?
where the lung receives the bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
The root of the lung is also known as the ______.
Hilum
Compare the total relative size of the right and left lungs
The right lung is shorter because the liver is higher on the right side of the diaphragm.
The left lung is taller, but narrower, because the heart tilts to the left
What is the cardiac notch?
Is on the medial surface of the left lung, where the heart presses
Lungs consist largely of______ ______, the rest of the lung tissue is mostly _______ CT
air spaces
elastic CT
What is the lingula?
The cardiac notch creates a thin, tongue-like process on the lower portion of the upper lobe of the left lung
Upon inspiration, there’s a ↑ lung _____ resulting in ↓ ______ in lung
volume
pressure
For inspiration to occur, the lungs must _______
expand
What are the primary muscles of inspiration?
The diaphragm and external intercostals
