Lung Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The “bronchial tree” extends from the _____ bronchus to about ______ terminal bronchioles

A

main

65,000

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2
Q

What is a primary bronchi?

A

One to each lung, outside the lungs, connects the trachea to lungs

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3
Q

What is significant about the right primary bronchi?

A

R Primary bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider, making it a more likely destination for an aspirated object

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4
Q

What is a secondary bronchi?

A

Inside the lung, go to the lobes of the lung

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5
Q

How many lobes does each lung have?

A

Right- 3 lobes

Left- 2 lobes

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6
Q

What is a tertiary bronchi?

A

Go to each of the bronchopulmonary segments

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7
Q

How many bronchiopulmonary segments are in each lung?

A

Right: 10 bronchiopulmonary segments
Left: 8 bronchiopulmonary segments

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8
Q

From the tertiary bronchi, smaller and smaller divisions of bronchi extend until they are called _______ (terminal vs respiratory) which then become alveolar ______ that connect to _______.

A

bronchioles
ducts
alveoli

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9
Q

What kind of epithelium is in bronchioles?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium turns to simple squamous for better gas exchange

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10
Q

What kind of lymphatic tissue is present in the bronchial tree?

A

BALT (bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue)

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11
Q

Describe the cartilaginous rings that support bronchi as the bronchi get smaller

A

Cartilaginous rings get smaller and smaller, turn to plates, then disappear completely

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12
Q

What kind of muscle surrounds the bronchi?

A

Smooth muscle

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13
Q

Each lung has a ______ tissue, but only the right lung has a ______ fissure.

A

Oblique fissure

Horizontal fissure

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14
Q

Each lung has a ______ fissure, but only the right lung has a ______ fissure.

A

Oblique fissure

Transverse fissure

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15
Q

The broad _____ of the lung rests upon the ________, and the top of the lung is the ______.

A

Base
Diaphragm
Apex

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16
Q

What is the hilum?

A

where the lung receives the bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

17
Q

The root of the lung is also known as the ______.

A

Hilum

18
Q

Compare the total relative size of the right and left lungs

A

The right lung is shorter because the liver is higher on the right side of the diaphragm.
The left lung is taller, but narrower, because the heart tilts to the left

19
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

Is on the medial surface of the left lung, where the heart presses

20
Q

Lungs consist largely of______ ______, the rest of the lung tissue is mostly _______ CT

A

air spaces

elastic CT

21
Q

What is the lingula?

A

The cardiac notch creates a thin, tongue-like process on the lower portion of the upper lobe of the left lung

22
Q

Upon inspiration, there’s a ↑ lung _____ resulting in ↓ ______ in lung

A

volume

pressure

23
Q

For inspiration to occur, the lungs must _______

A

expand

24
Q

What are the primary muscles of inspiration?

A

The diaphragm and external intercostals

25
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, the dome ______

A

Lowers

26
Q

In quiet breathing, the diaphragm moves __ cm, in active, __cm

A

1 cm

10cm

27
Q

In quiet breathing, the diaphragm moves __ cm, in active, __cm

A

1 cm

10cm

28
Q

What two mechanisms allow for passive expiration?

A

At rest-passive, mostly from the recoil of the elastic fibers in the lung
Some surface tension of the film of fluid that’s in alveoli helps

29
Q

How does labored expiration occur?

A

abdominal muscles and internal intercostals
Abdominal muscles ↑ abdominal pressure so organs push upon diaphragm and lungs
Internal intercostals bring ribs down

30
Q

What is the Valsalva maneuver and what does it do?

A

Take a deep breath, hold it, and constrict abdominal muscles
Pushes out: feces, urine, baby
↑ abdominal pressure