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A&P 3.1 > Arteries > Flashcards

Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

What “branches, diverges, and forks”

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What is a smaller artery?

A

Arteriole

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3
Q

What “joins, merges, converges”?

A

Veins

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4
Q

What is a smaller vein?

A

Venule

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5
Q

What happens at capillaries?

A

Exchange of O2, CO2, nutrients, and waste

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6
Q

What is the vasculature of vessels called?

A

Vasa vasorum

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7
Q

What does the vasa vasorum do?

A

Supplies big arteries and veins with their own blood supply

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8
Q

Since there is a continuous ________ in size and character of the vessel wall from the largest arteries down to the capillaries, some layers that were present in the arteries begin to diminish/disappear as they get closer to _____ size.

A

Gradation

Capillary

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9
Q

What are the three layers that compose the walls of blood vessels?

A

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

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10
Q

What is the outer layer of blood vessels?

A

Tunica adventitia

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11
Q

What kind of tissue and fibers make the tunica adventitia?

A

Connective tissue

Elastic and collagen fibers

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12
Q

The tunica adventitia merges with…..

A

The surrounding CT in the area, eg surrounding structures

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13
Q

What is the middle layer of blood vessels?

A

Tunica media

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14
Q

What is the tunica media made from?

A

Either smooth muscle OR elastic fibers

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15
Q

What is the thickest of the three vessel tunics in arteries?

A

Tunica media

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16
Q

How are the muscles or fibers in the tunica media arranged?

A

Arranged circularly around vessel

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17
Q

What is the innermost tunic of the blood vessel? What layers make it?

A

Tunica Intima
Lamina propria
Basement membrane
Endothelium

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18
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

Usually just a thin layer of CT

19
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Thin layer of glycoproteins, GAGS, and collagen fibers

20
Q

What is the endothelium?

A

Innermost lining

Simple squamous epithelium

21
Q

What are the two elastic laminas in the walls of blood vessels? Where are they found?

A

Internal elastic lamina: Between tunica media and tunica intima
External elastic lamina: Between tunica adventitia and tunica media

22
Q

What nervous system vasoconstricts?

A

PNS

23
Q

What nervous system vasodilates?

A

SNS

24
Q

What are the three types of arteries?

A

Elastic
Muscular
Resistance

25
Q

What are some examples of elastic arteries?

A

aorta, subclavian, common carotid

26
Q

Describe the tunics of an elastic artery

A

Tunica media contains mostly elastic fibers and some muscle fibers
The elastic lamina is hard to find b/c it’s tough to differentiate it from the elastic fibers

27
Q

Elastic arteries function as pressure ________

A

reservoirs

28
Q

The aorta distends from pressure at each systole, then ________ so blood moves forward in a more or less ________ fashion

A

Rebounds

Continuous

29
Q

What two mechanisms provide alternate routes for blood to get to its intended target?

A

Anastomosis

Collateral circulation

30
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

A natural communication between 2 blood vessels

31
Q

What is collateral circulation?

A

A route from non-anastomosing vessels that supply the same area, eg the elbow and knee

32
Q

What is the generation of new blood vessels?

A

Angiogenesis

33
Q

What are three normal types of angiogenesis?

A

1- Regrowth of uterine lining after menstruation
2-Development of higher-density blood capillaries in muscles of well-conditioned athletes
3- Arterial bypasses around obstructions in coronary circulation

34
Q

How do tumors get blood?

A

They do their own angiogenesis

35
Q

What does a muscular artery do?

A

Distributes blood throughout the body

36
Q

What are some examples of muscular arteries?

A

External carotid, brachial, femoral

And, most of the named arteries

37
Q

Describe the tunics of a muscular artery

A

Tunica media contains mostly muscle fibers

38
Q

What is a resistance artery?

A

No names, too variable, the smallest ones are arterioles

39
Q

Name the almost microscopic oxygenated vasculature.

A

Arteriole

40
Q

Arterioles take blood from ______ to ______.

A

Arteries

Capillaries

41
Q

What kind of fiber surround the basement membrane and endothelium of an arteriole? Why?

A

Smooth muscle

To vasoconstrict

42
Q

What does the vasoconstriction of arterioles play a key role in?

A

Regulating blood flow

43
Q

In an arteriole, when the smooth muscle contricts, it slows the blood to corresponding ________.

A

Capillaries

44
Q

Where is a portal system found?

A

Posterior pituitary and hepatic(liver to intestine)

A&P 3.1 (20 decks)

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