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BOARDS Part 1 > SA- Osteology > Flashcards

SA- Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the wt. bearing portion of bone

A

cortical (aka compact)

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2
Q

______ contains the fat and bl forming tissue of bone (located in the center of the bone)

A

Trabeculae

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3
Q

Trabeculae is within the _____ bone

A

Cancellous (aka spongy/ medullary)

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4
Q

______ separates the epiphysis and the diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

where growth takes place

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5
Q

_____: the part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal plate

A

metaphysis

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6
Q

Short bones are : ____- & _____

A

carpals and tarsels

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7
Q

Name the 5 flat bones in the bd

A 
ribs
sternum
calvarium of the skull 
scapula 
clavicle
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8
Q

_____bones develop within M tendons

A

sesmoids (ex: patella)

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9
Q

Give 3 ex. of irregular bones

A

Vert.
some bones of the skull
pelvic bone

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10
Q

How many bones in the adult axial skeleton

A

80

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11
Q

How many bones in the vert. COLUMN

A

26

column includes: occyx and sacrum

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12
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

126

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13
Q

How many bones in the LE vs. UE

A

LE: 62
UE: 64
total: 126

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14
Q

How many bones in the spine

A

24

only consists of TRUE vert

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15
Q

Children have __#__ vert. segments

A

33

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16
Q

There are _#__ disc in the spine

A

23

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17
Q

There are __#___ disc in the spinal column

A

24

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18
Q

How are disc named?

A

As the same number of the vert. above it

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19
Q

Smallest and thinnest disc are located in the ___ spine.

Largest and thickest disc are located in the ___ spine

A

Small: C/S

Lg: L/S

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20
Q

Disc form ___ jts

A

amphiarthrodic

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21
Q

___ & ___ form secondary curves

secondary curves are also known as: ___

A

C/S and L/S

aka: compensatory curves

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22
Q

___ & ___ form primary curves

primary curves are also known as:____

A

T/S and sacrum

aka: accomodating curves (accomodate organs)

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23
Q

The superior and inferior notch of the IVF are formed by what vertebral structure?

A

pedicles

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24
Q

IVF is the smallest in the ___ region

IVF is the largest in the ___ region

A

smallest: C/S
Largest: L/S

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25
ht. of the male spinal column ___cm (___ in) | Ht. of the female spinal column __cm (__in)
males: 71 cm (28 in) Females: 61 cm (24 in)
26
name the "typical" vert
C/S: C3-C6 T/S: T2-T8 L/s: L1-L4
27
``` name the anterior landmarks based on the vert: C3: ___ C4/C5:___ C6:___ C5/C6/C7:____ ```
C3: hyoid C4/C5: thyroid cartilage C6: cricoid cartilage C5/C6/C7: Thyroid gland
28
``` name the anterior landmarks based on the vert: T2: ___ T4/ T5:___ T9:____ T10:___ L4: ____ ```
``` T2: jugular notch (suprasternal notch) T4/ T5: sternal angle of Lewis (jxn of the 2nd rib) T9: jxn of sternum and xiphoid T10: xiphoid L4: umbilicus ```
29
T___ is the level at the base/root of the spine of the scap when prone T___ is the level when standing
T3: prone T4: standing
30
T___ is the level of the inf. angle of the scap when prone T___ is the level of the inf. angle of the scap when standing
T6: prone T7: standing
31
___ & ___ form the vert. arch
laminae and pedicles
32
_____ is the only vert. that does not possess the characteristics of a typical vert. = therefore Atypical to the entire spine
Atlas
33
another name for axis
epistroheus
34
_____ canal refers to the vertebral canal before birth
neural canal
35
the anterior portion of the vert. bd. has small holes for ____ into the vert. bd the posterior region of the bd. has lg holes for the ____ to drain the vert. body
anterior: nutrient art. post: basivertebral V
36
_____: rings of compact bone that surround the vert. body. Important for compressive forces
vert. endplates
37
cc: congenital shortening of the pedicles leads to : ______
pedicogenic stenosis
38
cc: congenital elongation of the pedicles leads to: _____
spondylolisthesis
39
______: formed by the jxn of the superior AP and the inferior AP
zygopophyses (the jt that is formed btw two adjacent facets) (diarthrotic)
40
________: the formation caused by the superior surface of the C/S vert projecting upward on the lateral sides fxn:_____ Location:____
Uncinate processes fxn: prevent lateral displacement location: C3-C7
41
Location of anterior/inferior lipping | C___-C___
C2-C6
42
uncinate processes form the joint of ______ Location: C__ -C__
Joint of Von Luschka location: C2/C3-C6/C7
43
Location of bifid SP's
C2-C6
44
the TP's in the C/S are located ____ to the TP
Anterior | T/S- L/S: posterior
45
he hole in the C/S TP:__________
transverse foramen
46
________ is termed the True Transverse Process in the C/S
the posterior portion of the TP | ends as the posterior tubercle
47
The anterior portion of the C/S TP is called ____
Costal Process (posterior portion is the True TP) (anterior + posterior = the costotransverse Lamella)
48
In what location of the spine is the vert. foramen triangular
cervical and lumbar
49
typical T/S (T__-T__) have ___ demifacets
T2-T8: 4 demifacets
50
T___ has 1 pair of full facets and 1pair of Demifacets
T1
51
How many full/ demifacets does T9 have
1 pair of demifacets
52
How many full/ demifacets does T10-12 have
one pair of full facets
53
Costotransverse Facets are located on the T/S ____ and are the articulation of the ___ of the ribs
located: TP articulation: tubercle of the rib
54
The AP's of the T/S are faced: ___
posterior/lateral
55
there are ____ articulations on a typical T/S
12 4: on the AP 4: demifacets 2: costotransverse facets 2: IVD
56
L ___ & L __ : have TPs that arise more ant. from the jxn of the bd and pedicles (instead of pedicles and lamina)
L4/L5
57
____: for the articulation of the dens on C2
fovea dentalis
58
The superior and inferior vert groove on C1 is for the passage of what structures
superior groove: vert. art + C1 spinal N Inf groove: C2 spinal N
59
The transverse lig (of the alar lig) is attached to the _____
median tubercle | prevents posterior displacement
60
What structures is located in the anterior portion and the posterior portion of C1? the space is divided by the ____ lig
anterior: odontoid posterior: SC divided by: transverse lig
61
the superior articular facet of the sacrum is in what plane?
coronal plane (frontal)
62
the Ala of the sacrum is equivalent to what vert. structure?
TP of S1
63
name the equivalencey of each of these structures in the sacrum to other vert. structure: 1. Sacral tubercles= 2. Sacral groove= 3. Intermediate sacral crest= 4. Lateral sacral crest =
1. Sacral tubercles= SP 2. Sacral groove= Laminae 3. Intermediate sacral crest= articular process 4. Lateral sacral crest = TP
64
How many sacral foramen are there?
2 rows of 4 = 8 foramen
65
What nerves exit the sacral hiatus
S5 and Co1
66
spinal N's in the C/S exit anterior to the IVF except for :
C1 and C2 = exit posteriorly
67
superior articulating facets of the C/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation
45 degrees off horizontal | No rotation
68
What segments in the C/S have the greatest ROM
C4-C6
69
major motion of the C/S
Flexion and Extension
70
In flexion the inferior articulating facets move ___ and ____ in the C/S
anterior and superior
71
In extension the inferior articulating facets move ___ and ____ in the C/S
Posterior and inferior
72
superior articulating facets of the T/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation
60 degrees off horizontal | 20 degrees outward (lateral) rotation
73
Major motion of the T/S
rotation
74
superior articulating facets of the L/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation
90 degrees off the horizontal | 45 degrees inward (medial) rotation
75
Major motion of the L/S
Flexion and Extension
76
zygopophyseal joint are ___ jts
diarthrotic (synovial)
77
_____: is a defect in the pars interarticularis
spondylolysis

BOARDS Part 1 (33 decks)

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