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BOARDS Part 1 > SA- Osteology > Flashcards

SA- Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Name of the wt. bearing portion of bone

A

cortical (aka compact)

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2
Q

______ contains the fat and bl forming tissue of bone (located in the center of the bone)

A

Trabeculae

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3
Q

Trabeculae is within the _____ bone

A

Cancellous (aka spongy/ medullary)

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4
Q

______ separates the epiphysis and the diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

where growth takes place

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5
Q

_____: the part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal plate

A

metaphysis

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6
Q

Short bones are : ____- & _____

A

carpals and tarsels

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7
Q

Name the 5 flat bones in the bd

A 
ribs
sternum
calvarium of the skull 
scapula 
clavicle
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8
Q

_____bones develop within M tendons

A

sesmoids (ex: patella)

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9
Q

Give 3 ex. of irregular bones

A

Vert.
some bones of the skull
pelvic bone

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10
Q

How many bones in the adult axial skeleton

A

80

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11
Q

How many bones in the vert. COLUMN

A

26

column includes: occyx and sacrum

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12
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

126

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13
Q

How many bones in the LE vs. UE

A

LE: 62
UE: 64
total: 126

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14
Q

How many bones in the spine

A

24

only consists of TRUE vert

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15
Q

Children have __#__ vert. segments

A

33

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16
Q

There are _#__ disc in the spine

A

23

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17
Q

There are __#___ disc in the spinal column

A

24

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18
Q

How are disc named?

A

As the same number of the vert. above it

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19
Q

Smallest and thinnest disc are located in the ___ spine.

Largest and thickest disc are located in the ___ spine

A

Small: C/S

Lg: L/S

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20
Q

Disc form ___ jts

A

amphiarthrodic

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21
Q

___ & ___ form secondary curves

secondary curves are also known as: ___

A

C/S and L/S

aka: compensatory curves

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22
Q

___ & ___ form primary curves

primary curves are also known as:____

A

T/S and sacrum

aka: accomodating curves (accomodate organs)

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23
Q

The superior and inferior notch of the IVF are formed by what vertebral structure?

A

pedicles

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24
Q

IVF is the smallest in the ___ region

IVF is the largest in the ___ region

A

smallest: C/S
Largest: L/S

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25
Q

ht. of the male spinal column ___cm (___ in)

Ht. of the female spinal column __cm (__in)

A

males: 71 cm (28 in)
Females: 61 cm (24 in)

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26
Q

name the “typical” vert

A

C/S: C3-C6
T/S: T2-T8
L/s: L1-L4

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27
Q 
name the anterior landmarks based on the vert: 
C3: \_\_\_
C4/C5:\_\_\_
C6:\_\_\_
C5/C6/C7:\_\_\_\_
A

C3: hyoid
C4/C5: thyroid cartilage
C6: cricoid cartilage
C5/C6/C7: Thyroid gland

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28
Q 
name the anterior landmarks based on the vert:
T2: \_\_\_
T4/ T5:\_\_\_
T9:\_\_\_\_
T10:\_\_\_
L4: \_\_\_\_
A 
T2: jugular notch (suprasternal notch) 
T4/ T5: sternal angle of Lewis (jxn of the 2nd rib)
T9: jxn of sternum and xiphoid 
T10: xiphoid 
L4: umbilicus
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29
Q

T___ is the level at the base/root of the spine of the scap when prone

T___ is the level when standing

A

T3: prone

T4: standing

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30
Q

T___ is the level of the inf. angle of the scap when prone

T___ is the level of the inf. angle of the scap when standing

A

T6: prone

T7: standing

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31
Q

___ & ___ form the vert. arch

A

laminae and pedicles

32
Q

_____ is the only vert. that does not possess the characteristics of a typical vert. = therefore Atypical to the entire spine

A

Atlas

33
Q

another name for axis

A

epistroheus

34
Q

_____ canal refers to the vertebral canal before birth

A

neural canal

35
Q

the anterior portion of the vert. bd. has small holes for ____ into the vert. bd

the posterior region of the bd. has lg holes for the ____ to drain the vert. body

A

anterior: nutrient art.
post: basivertebral V

36
Q

_____: rings of compact bone that surround the vert. body. Important for compressive forces

A

vert. endplates

37
Q

cc: congenital shortening of the pedicles leads to : ______

A

pedicogenic stenosis

38
Q

cc: congenital elongation of the pedicles leads to: _____

A

spondylolisthesis

39
Q

______: formed by the jxn of the superior AP and the inferior AP

A

zygopophyses

(the jt that is formed btw two adjacent facets)

(diarthrotic)

40
Q

________: the formation caused by the superior surface of the C/S vert projecting upward on the lateral sides

fxn:_____

Location:____

A

Uncinate processes

fxn: prevent lateral displacement
location: C3-C7

41
Q

Location of anterior/inferior lipping

C___-C___

A

C2-C6

42
Q

uncinate processes form the joint of ______

Location: C__ -C__

A

Joint of Von Luschka

location: C2/C3-C6/C7

43
Q

Location of bifid SP’s

A

C2-C6

44
Q

the TP’s in the C/S are located ____ to the TP

A

Anterior

T/S- L/S: posterior

45
Q

he hole in the C/S TP:__________

A

transverse foramen

46
Q

________ is termed the True Transverse Process in the C/S

A

the posterior portion of the TP

ends as the posterior tubercle

47
Q

The anterior portion of the C/S TP is called ____

A

Costal Process

(posterior portion is the True TP)

(anterior + posterior = the costotransverse Lamella)

48
Q

In what location of the spine is the vert. foramen triangular

A

cervical and lumbar

49
Q

typical T/S (T__-T__) have ___ demifacets

A

T2-T8: 4 demifacets

50
Q

T___ has 1 pair of full facets and 1pair of Demifacets

A

T1

51
Q

How many full/ demifacets does T9 have

A

1 pair of demifacets

52
Q

How many full/ demifacets does T10-12 have

A

one pair of full facets

53
Q

Costotransverse Facets are located on the T/S ____ and are the articulation of the ___ of the ribs

A

located: TP
articulation: tubercle of the rib

54
Q

The AP’s of the T/S are faced: ___

A

posterior/lateral

55
Q

there are ____ articulations on a typical T/S

A

12

4: on the AP
4: demifacets
2: costotransverse facets
2: IVD

56
Q

L ___ & L __ : have TPs that arise more ant. from the jxn of the bd and pedicles

(instead of pedicles and lamina)

A

L4/L5

57
Q

____: for the articulation of the dens on C2

A

fovea dentalis

58
Q

The superior and inferior vert groove on C1 is for the passage of what structures

A

superior groove: vert. art + C1 spinal N

Inf groove: C2 spinal N

59
Q

The transverse lig (of the alar lig) is attached to the _____

A

median tubercle

prevents posterior displacement

60
Q

What structures is located in the anterior portion and the posterior portion of C1?

the space is divided by the ____ lig

A

anterior: odontoid
posterior: SC

divided by: transverse lig

61
Q

the superior articular facet of the sacrum is in what plane?

A

coronal plane (frontal)

62
Q

the Ala of the sacrum is equivalent to what vert. structure?

A

TP of S1

63
Q

name the equivalencey of each of these structures in the sacrum to other vert. structure:

  1. Sacral tubercles=
  2. Sacral groove=
  3. Intermediate sacral crest=
  4. Lateral sacral crest =
A
  1. Sacral tubercles= SP
  2. Sacral groove= Laminae
  3. Intermediate sacral crest= articular process
  4. Lateral sacral crest = TP
64
Q

How many sacral foramen are there?

A

2 rows of 4 = 8 foramen

65
Q

What nerves exit the sacral hiatus

A

S5 and Co1

66
Q

spinal N’s in the C/S exit anterior to the IVF except for :

A

C1 and C2 = exit posteriorly

67
Q

superior articulating facets of the C/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation

A

45 degrees off horizontal

No rotation

68
Q

What segments in the C/S have the greatest ROM

A

C4-C6

69
Q

major motion of the C/S

A

Flexion and Extension

70
Q

In flexion the inferior articulating facets move ___ and ____ in the C/S

A

anterior and superior

71
Q

In extension the inferior articulating facets move ___ and ____ in the C/S

A

Posterior and inferior

72
Q

superior articulating facets of the T/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation

A

60 degrees off horizontal

20 degrees outward (lateral) rotation

73
Q

Major motion of the T/S

A

rotation

74
Q

superior articulating facets of the L/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation

A

90 degrees off the horizontal

45 degrees inward (medial) rotation

75
Q

Major motion of the L/S

A

Flexion and Extension

76
Q

zygopophyseal joint are ___ jts

A

diarthrotic (synovial)

77
Q

_____: is a defect in the pars interarticularis

A

spondylolysis

BOARDS Part 1 (33 decks)

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