SA- Osteology Flashcards
Name of the wt. bearing portion of bone
cortical (aka compact)
______ contains the fat and bl forming tissue of bone (located in the center of the bone)
Trabeculae
Trabeculae is within the _____ bone
Cancellous (aka spongy/ medullary)
______ separates the epiphysis and the diaphysis
Epiphyseal plate
where growth takes place
_____: the part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal plate
metaphysis
Short bones are : ____- & _____
carpals and tarsels
Name the 5 flat bones in the bd
ribs sternum calvarium of the skull scapula clavicle
_____bones develop within M tendons
sesmoids (ex: patella)
Give 3 ex. of irregular bones
Vert.
some bones of the skull
pelvic bone
How many bones in the adult axial skeleton
80
How many bones in the vert. COLUMN
26
column includes: occyx and sacrum
How many bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
How many bones in the LE vs. UE
LE: 62
UE: 64
total: 126
How many bones in the spine
24
only consists of TRUE vert
Children have __#__ vert. segments
33
There are _#__ disc in the spine
23
There are __#___ disc in the spinal column
24
How are disc named?
As the same number of the vert. above it
Smallest and thinnest disc are located in the ___ spine.
Largest and thickest disc are located in the ___ spine
Small: C/S
Lg: L/S
Disc form ___ jts
amphiarthrodic
___ & ___ form secondary curves
secondary curves are also known as: ___
C/S and L/S
aka: compensatory curves
___ & ___ form primary curves
primary curves are also known as:____
T/S and sacrum
aka: accomodating curves (accomodate organs)
The superior and inferior notch of the IVF are formed by what vertebral structure?
pedicles
IVF is the smallest in the ___ region
IVF is the largest in the ___ region
smallest: C/S
Largest: L/S
ht. of the male spinal column ___cm (___ in)
Ht. of the female spinal column __cm (__in)
males: 71 cm (28 in)
Females: 61 cm (24 in)
name the “typical” vert
C/S: C3-C6
T/S: T2-T8
L/s: L1-L4
name the anterior landmarks based on the vert: C3: \_\_\_ C4/C5:\_\_\_ C6:\_\_\_ C5/C6/C7:\_\_\_\_
C3: hyoid
C4/C5: thyroid cartilage
C6: cricoid cartilage
C5/C6/C7: Thyroid gland
name the anterior landmarks based on the vert: T2: \_\_\_ T4/ T5:\_\_\_ T9:\_\_\_\_ T10:\_\_\_ L4: \_\_\_\_
T2: jugular notch (suprasternal notch) T4/ T5: sternal angle of Lewis (jxn of the 2nd rib) T9: jxn of sternum and xiphoid T10: xiphoid L4: umbilicus
T___ is the level at the base/root of the spine of the scap when prone
T___ is the level when standing
T3: prone
T4: standing
T___ is the level of the inf. angle of the scap when prone
T___ is the level of the inf. angle of the scap when standing
T6: prone
T7: standing
___ & ___ form the vert. arch
laminae and pedicles
_____ is the only vert. that does not possess the characteristics of a typical vert. = therefore Atypical to the entire spine
Atlas
another name for axis
epistroheus
_____ canal refers to the vertebral canal before birth
neural canal
the anterior portion of the vert. bd. has small holes for ____ into the vert. bd
the posterior region of the bd. has lg holes for the ____ to drain the vert. body
anterior: nutrient art.
post: basivertebral V
_____: rings of compact bone that surround the vert. body. Important for compressive forces
vert. endplates
cc: congenital shortening of the pedicles leads to : ______
pedicogenic stenosis
cc: congenital elongation of the pedicles leads to: _____
spondylolisthesis
______: formed by the jxn of the superior AP and the inferior AP
zygopophyses
(the jt that is formed btw two adjacent facets)
(diarthrotic)
________: the formation caused by the superior surface of the C/S vert projecting upward on the lateral sides
fxn:_____
Location:____
Uncinate processes
fxn: prevent lateral displacement
location: C3-C7
Location of anterior/inferior lipping
C___-C___
C2-C6
uncinate processes form the joint of ______
Location: C__ -C__
Joint of Von Luschka
location: C2/C3-C6/C7
Location of bifid SP’s
C2-C6
the TP’s in the C/S are located ____ to the TP
Anterior
T/S- L/S: posterior
he hole in the C/S TP:__________
transverse foramen
________ is termed the True Transverse Process in the C/S
the posterior portion of the TP
ends as the posterior tubercle
The anterior portion of the C/S TP is called ____
Costal Process
(posterior portion is the True TP)
(anterior + posterior = the costotransverse Lamella)
In what location of the spine is the vert. foramen triangular
cervical and lumbar
typical T/S (T__-T__) have ___ demifacets
T2-T8: 4 demifacets
T___ has 1 pair of full facets and 1pair of Demifacets
T1
How many full/ demifacets does T9 have
1 pair of demifacets
How many full/ demifacets does T10-12 have
one pair of full facets
Costotransverse Facets are located on the T/S ____ and are the articulation of the ___ of the ribs
located: TP
articulation: tubercle of the rib
The AP’s of the T/S are faced: ___
posterior/lateral
there are ____ articulations on a typical T/S
12
4: on the AP
4: demifacets
2: costotransverse facets
2: IVD
L ___ & L __ : have TPs that arise more ant. from the jxn of the bd and pedicles
(instead of pedicles and lamina)
L4/L5
____: for the articulation of the dens on C2
fovea dentalis
The superior and inferior vert groove on C1 is for the passage of what structures
superior groove: vert. art + C1 spinal N
Inf groove: C2 spinal N
The transverse lig (of the alar lig) is attached to the _____
median tubercle
prevents posterior displacement
What structures is located in the anterior portion and the posterior portion of C1?
the space is divided by the ____ lig
anterior: odontoid
posterior: SC
divided by: transverse lig
the superior articular facet of the sacrum is in what plane?
coronal plane (frontal)
the Ala of the sacrum is equivalent to what vert. structure?
TP of S1
name the equivalencey of each of these structures in the sacrum to other vert. structure:
- Sacral tubercles=
- Sacral groove=
- Intermediate sacral crest=
- Lateral sacral crest =
- Sacral tubercles= SP
- Sacral groove= Laminae
- Intermediate sacral crest= articular process
- Lateral sacral crest = TP
How many sacral foramen are there?
2 rows of 4 = 8 foramen
What nerves exit the sacral hiatus
S5 and Co1
spinal N’s in the C/S exit anterior to the IVF except for :
C1 and C2 = exit posteriorly
superior articulating facets of the C/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation
45 degrees off horizontal
No rotation
What segments in the C/S have the greatest ROM
C4-C6
major motion of the C/S
Flexion and Extension
In flexion the inferior articulating facets move ___ and ____ in the C/S
anterior and superior
In extension the inferior articulating facets move ___ and ____ in the C/S
Posterior and inferior
superior articulating facets of the T/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation
60 degrees off horizontal
20 degrees outward (lateral) rotation
Major motion of the T/S
rotation
superior articulating facets of the L/S are ___ degrees off the horizontal axis with ____ rotation
90 degrees off the horizontal
45 degrees inward (medial) rotation
Major motion of the L/S
Flexion and Extension
zygopophyseal joint are ___ jts
diarthrotic (synovial)
_____: is a defect in the pars interarticularis
spondylolysis
