Micro bio- intro stuff Flashcards
Ig___: secretory AB. Mucous membranes
IgA
Ig___: breast milk
IgA
Ig__: assists IgG
IgM
Ig___: Parasitic infections, allergic rxn (type II)
IgE
Ig___: increases in Hodgkin’s dz (Reed-Sternberg cells)
IgE
Ig___: first to increase during second exposure / most numerous
IgG
Ig___: crosses the placenta
cc: attacks the fetus’ blood
IgG
cc: Coomb anemia
Ig___: have dz then bd remembers it for next time
IgG
Ig___: largest and heaviest
IgM
Ig___: first to increase during first time exposure
Ig___: first to increase during second time exposure
first time: IgM
Second time: IgG
Ig__& ___: found on the surface of B cells
IgD & IgM
Ig___: opsonizes bacteria
IgG
IL-___:lymphocyte activator
Made by macrophages
Fxn: __ & ___ tiss
IL-I
fxn: brain and NS
(IL-I–> hypothalmus –> incr endogenous fever)
IL-___: T-cell growth factors
made by CD4
IL-II
What makes these? IL-I IL-II IL-III IL-12
IL-I: macrophages (brain & NS)
IL-II: CD4 (T-cell growth)
IL-III: bone marrow
IL- 12: macrophages (NKC’s)
IL-_____: activates NKC’s
produced by macrophages
IL-12
______: acts as a post on the surface for a cell. plays a roll in tiss graft rejection and organ rejection
MHC: major histocompatibility complex
IL-_____: promotes the growth of B cells
IL-4
IL-_____: stimulates the differentiation of B cells
IL- 5
IL-4: promotes the growth of B cells
Name the 6 gram + organisms
BLCCSS (Blocks) Bacillus Listeria monocytogenes clostridium corynebacterium diphtheriae Staph strep
5 dz caused by staph aureus
STOIC: Scalded skin sx toxic shock osteomyelitis impetigo (infection around childs mouth) carbuncles (infected hair follicles)
6 dz. caused by strep pyogenes
SERGIS: Strep throat erysipelas (superficial cellulitis) Rheumatic fever Glomerulonephritis Impetigo Scarlet fever
Complement system: C1-C4:\_\_\_\_\_\_ C3b:\_\_\_\_\_ C3a,C4a, C5a:\_\_\_\_ C5a:\_\_\_\_\_\_ C5b,C6, C7, C9: \_\_\_\_\_
C1-C4:toxin neutratization C3b: opsinization C3a,C4a, C5a: anaphylaxis C5a: Neutrophil chemotaxis C5b,C6, C7, C9: Cell lysis (membrane attack complex)
Which components of the compliment system make up the membrane attck complex
C5b-C9
Aschoff= ___
Rheumatic fever (Mcallums patch)
Babes Ernst Granules=_____
Metachromatic granules
dz:diphtheria (upper respiratory- babies)
Councilman cell=____
Viral hepatitis
Downey cell =_____
mononucleosis –> atypical lymphocyte
dont get down that you have mono
Epithelioid hystiocyte=
TB
Gohn complex =_____
TB (inactive stage)
Ca+ jail around mycobacterium
Guarneri bodies= ___
Small pox (variola)
Gummas= ____
tertiary syphilis
syphilis takes away your gum-mas
Koplik spots=___
location:____
Measles (Rubeola)
location: buccal mucosa - white bluish spots
Lipofuscin=____
“old age pigment” lipid residue
Brown’s atrophy: a build up of lipofuscins in organs
Lewy bodies=_____
parkinsons dz
Mallory bodies=____
Hepatitis (alchy)
Negri bodies =____
rabies (hydrophobia)
Reed Sternberg= _____
hodgkin’s
Ressell bodies=____
in plasma cells. Consits of AB from chronic inflam
ass. with: multiple myeloma
Give two ex. of Natural passive immunity
- in utero= IgG
2. Breastfeeding= IgA
____: pre-made AB attacks circulating toxins, not bound toxins (artificial passive immunity)
tatanus antitoxins
____: injection of atteneuated org., the inactive portion that triggers immune system to make AB (active artificial immunity)
tetanus toxoid
name the 4 types of hypersensitivity
type 1: anaphylactic (15-30 min)
type 2: cytoxic(min to hrs)
type 3: immune-complex mediated (3-10 hrs)
type 4: delayed hyper-sensitivity (48 hrs)
cells that attack during type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE
Mast cells
basophils
cells that attack during type II hypersensitivity
IgG
antigens + AB
cells that attack during type III hypersensitivity
IgG & complement
antigens + AB + complements
cells that attack during type IV hypersensitivity
T cells
Lymphocytes
___ test: uses salmonella typhimurium to test if a chemical is carcinogenic
Amer Test
___test: anthrax
ascholi test
____test: tests strep pyogenes AB for Rheumatic fever
ASO tilter
_____ test: pneumococci vs. alpha hemolytic strep viridans
Bile solubility
____ test: best test for water polution
BOD
_____ test: staph (cat +) vs. strep (cat-)
catalase
____ culture: virus culture . the virus cant grow on the agar
chick embryo culture
_____ test: staph aureus (coag +) vs. staph (coag-)
coagulase
______: checks E. coli in water purification. Fecal contamination in water
colliform
_______: tests RBC antigens. Hemolytic anemia. Erythroblastosis fetalis, RH factor
Coombs
______ test: scarlet fever
Dick test
_____ stain: for protozoa
giemsa stain
_____ test: seronegative arthritides
HLA B 27
(PEAR: psoriatic, enteropathic arthropathy (AS with ulcerative colitis or Crohns), AS, reiters
HLA DR5/ CD4: will be tested for ______
AIDS
______ salt test: for staph
mannitol salt
________test: heterophile agglutination test for mono
Paul Bunnel
______ rxn : swelling of capsule of strep pneumoniae
Quellung
lung = pneumoniae, quellung= swelling
____ agar: test for fungi
Sabouraud agar
____ test: immunity to diphtheria
schick test
______ rxn: antitoxin rxn to scarlet fever
Schultz-carlton rxn
___test: virus culture serology test. positive for all Rickettsia except Coxiella burnettii (Q fever)
Weil Felix
_____ test: tyhoid fever
Widal test
____ test: looks for altered epithelioid cells herpes zoster & simplex, also varicella
Tzank test
TB tests:
_____ test: skin prick test
_____ staining: demonstrates that it is an acid fast organism
Chest xray: looks for _____
______ vaccine
Mantoux test (aka tine test) : skin prick
Zeihl Nielson staining
Chest x ray: Gohn complex
Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccine
___ AB is seen in mononucleosis
Heterophile AB
type of vaccine used for salf, rabies
Inactivated
type of vaccine used for tetanus & botulism
Toxoid
type of vaccine used for measles, mumps, rubella, sabin
live attenuated
Color of pus: Blue/ green: \_\_\_ Red:\_\_\_\_\_ White:\_\_\_\_ Yellow:\_\_\_\_\_ yellow/green:\_\_\_\_\_
Blue/ green: pseudomonas aeruginosa Red: Serratia marcenscens White: Chlamydia Yellow: staph aureus yellow/green: gonorrhea
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes:
- have nuclei
- membrane bound organelles
- are bigger then prokaryotes
- more complex DNA
- DNA is located in the nucleus
- mitosis
Prokaryotes:
- Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan
- DNA floats freely around the cell
- divide by binary fission
Bacteria are Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic