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BOARDS Part 1 > Physiology- hormones and glands > Flashcards

Physiology- hormones and glands Flashcards

1
Q

_____ gland produces melatonin

A

pineal gland

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2
Q

7 hormones produced by the adenohypophysis

A

(anterior pituitary)

  1. ACTH
  2. FSH
  3. GH
  4. LH
  5. MSH
  6. Prolactin
  7. TSH
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3
Q

2 hormones that are produced by the neurophypophysis

A

(posterior pituitary)

  1. ADH/ vasopressin
  2. Oxytocin
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4
Q

Name the function of the two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary

A
  1. ADH/ vasopressin: Controls H2O balance

2. Oxytocin: uterus contraction, milk let down

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5
Q

cc: defiency/ excess of ADH?

A

defiency: diabetes insipidus
excess: conn’s sx

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6
Q 
ACTH: 
Target organ?
Effect? 
Excess? 
Deficiency?
A

Target organ: Adrenal cortex–> zona fasciculata
Effect: gluconeogenesis when under stress/ not eating

Excess: cushing (excess cortisol)
Deficiency: Addison’s

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7
Q

FSH:
Target organ?
Effect?

Deficiency?

A

Target organ: Ovary/ testes
Effect:
(f): release primary follicles, release estrogen
(m): stim spermatogenesis

Deficiency: infertility

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8
Q

the hormone Inhibin is produces by ___ in females and ___ in males

A

(f) : corpus leiteum

(m) : sertoli cells

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9
Q

What hormones stops the production of FSH

A

inhibin

(f) : corpus leiteum
(m) : sertoli cells

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10
Q 
GH: 
Target organ?
Effect? 
Excess? 
Deficiency?
A

Target organ: all tiss (except cart)
Effect: Burns fat
Excess: gigantism, acromegaly
Deficiency: dwarfism

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11
Q

_____ is the growth hormone for cartilage

A

somatomedin

GH is the growth hormone for everything else

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12
Q 
LH: 
Target organ?
Effect? 
Excess? 
Deficiency?
A

Target organ: Ovary / testes
Effect: (f) ovulation, forms corpus leuteum
(m): testosterone

Excess: forms corpus leuteum when up
Deficiency” degenerates corpus leuteum when down

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13
Q 
MSH: 
Target organ?
Effect? 
Excess? 
Deficiency?
A

Target organ: melanocytes

Effect: basement layer of the epidermis–> stim by UV light

Excess: hyperpigmentation
Deficiency: albinism

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14
Q

Prolactin:
Target organ?
Effect?

A

Target organ: mammaries

Effect: makes milk

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15
Q 
Thyroid stimulating hormone: 
Target organ?
Effect? 
Excess? 
Deficiency?
A

Target organ: thyroid follicular cells
Effect: T3, T4, and maintains BMR
Excess: Graves
Deficiency: myxedema, cretinism, (AI) Hashimotos

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16
Q

Parathyroid hormone:
effect?
Excess?

A

effect: takes Ca+ out of the bone, decr phosphorus in the bl.
excess: kidney stones, osteopenia, Brown’s tumor, rugger jersey spine, salt & pepper skull

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17
Q

Calcitonin hormone:
gland?
effects?
excess?

A

gland: parafollicular cells of the thyroid
effects: puts Ca+ back into the bone, incr phosphorus in the bl.
excess: Tetany

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18
Q

If Ca+ is low–> the N. will ___ causing ___

A

the nerve wil depolarize causing tetany

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19
Q

What horm. is produced:
zona glomerulosa:____
zona fasciculata: _____
zona reticularis: ______

A

zona glomerulosa: aldosterone
zona fasciculata: Cortisol (stim by ACTH)
zona reticularis: Sex hormones

“salt”, “sugar”, “sex”

20
Q

embryological derivatives:
Adrenal cortex:___
adrenal Medulla: ____

A

Adrenal cortex: mesoderm

adrenal Medulla: neural crest

21
Q

____ cells in the adrenal medulla secrete NE & EN

A

chromaffin cells

22
Q

5 steps of the menstral cycle

A
  1. 0 day: release estrogen, primary follicle
  2. estrogen: thinkens endometrial lining “proliferation phase”, peaks on 14th day to release LH
  3. LH: day 14, ovulation, forms corpus leuteum
  4. Corpus leuteum: makes progestrone “secretory phase”, makes inhibin–> stops FSH
  5. corpus leuteum: either dies or makes progesterone in the presence of HCG
  6. HCG: make by placenta, stimulates the corpus leuteum to make progesterone
23
Q

____ horm stimulates the corpus leuteum to make progesterone–> the corpus leuteum proliferates

A

HCG

24
Q

Males:
_____ hormone starts spermatogenesis
_____ hormone releases testosterone
_____ hormone matures sperm

A

FSH: hormone starts spermatogenesis
LH: hormone releases testosterone
Testosterone: hormone matures sperm

25
Q

____ breaks down starch in the mouth

____ breaks down fat in the mouth

A

starch: ptyalin
fat: sublingual lipase

26
Q

___ cells produce pepsinogen

___ converts pepsinogen into pepsin

A

Chief/ peptic cells

HCL: converts pepsinogen into pepsin

27
Q

_____ cells produce HCL and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal / oxynitic cells

28
Q

pyloic glands give rise to ____ hormone that produces gastrin

fxn of gastrin:____

A

gastric cells

fxn of gastrin: incr gastric secretions, motility and mucous

29
Q

_____ glands are mucous secreting glands in the duodenum

A

Brunner’s gland

30
Q

Secretin triggers ___ & ___ t be secreted by the pancreas

A
  1. Bicarbonate: buffers acid in the stomach

2. Water

31
Q

CCK causes the production of what 4 enzymes

CCK inhibits the production of:

A

stimulates the production of:

  1. pancreatic amylase
  2. Pancreatic lipase
  3. Trypsinogen: breaks down protein
  4. stim the release of bile

Inhibits:

  1. Gastrin
  2. closes the pyloric sphincter in the stomach
32
Q

____ hormone causes the GB to release bile

A

CCK

33
Q

___ glands absorb fat into the lymphatic system

A

lacteal glands

34
Q

2 hormones that close the pyloric sphincter to close in response to fat

A
  1. CCK

2. Enterogastrone

35
Q

____ enzyme converts trypsinogen into trypsin to break down protein

this actives what 3 proteolytic enzymes?

A

Enterokinase

3 proteolytic enzymes:

  1. chymotrypsinogen: breaks polypeptides
  2. proteolastase: digest elastin fiber
  3. carboxypolypeptidase: break into AA
36
Q

_____ enzyme that protects the pancrease from being broken down by trypsin

A

trypsin inhibitor

37
Q

_____ enzyme breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides

A

Pancreatic amylase

38
Q

CC: a decrease in I.F. will cause: _____

A

pernicious anemia–> megablastic anemia

39
Q

R & L liver lobe is separated by ___ lig –> that turns into the _____ lig

A

separated by: falciform lig

free portion: round lig (aka ligamentum teres)

40
Q

R + L hepatic duct –> _____ duct

_____ + ______ –> Common bile duct

_____+______–> ampulla of vater

empties into the ____ duodenum

A

R + L hepatic duct –> Common hepatic duct

Cystic duct from GB + common hepatic –> common bile duct

Common bile duct+ pancreatic duct = ampulla of vater

empties into the 2nd part of the duodenum

41
Q

The pancreas is supplied by the ___ artery

It is a branch of the ____ trunk

A

supplied by the splenic artery

branch of the celiac trunk

42
Q

4 causes of edema

A
  1. incr venous pressure (CHF)
  2. Decr protein in bl. = decr oncotic/ osmotic pressure
  3. myxedema= hypothyroidism
  4. anaphylaxis: type I = histamine release
43
Q

_____V +_____ V –> portal V

portal v drains into the liver

____ drain into central V –> heptaic V drains into the ____

A

Superior mesenteric v + splenic V = portal V

Liver sinusoids drain into the central v –> hepatic V into the IVC

44
Q

4 hormones that decr appetite

A
  1. leptin: fat cells –> shuts off hypothalmus
  2. Peptide YY: from intestines
  3. Somatostatin: from pancreas
  4. Serotonin: argentaffin cells of the stomach
45
Q

Somatostatin:
inhibits ____ & ___- in the pancreas
inhbits: ____ stomach
inhibits:____ stomach

A

somatostatin:
inhibits: insulin and glucagons in pancreas
inhibits: gastrin in stomach
inhibits: rennin in stomach

46
Q

3 hormones that incr appetite

A
  1. Ghrelin
  2. Neuropeptide Y
  3. adiponectin

BOARDS Part 1 (33 decks)

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