Physiology- kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

_(structure)__ will detect a decr in sodium and interpret it was a decr in BP

located near the distal convoluted tubule

A

Macula Densa

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2
Q

the macula densa detects a decrease in sodium –> will cause vasodilation of the ____

A

afferent arterioles

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3
Q

the _____ cells are wrapped around the afferent arterioles. When the afferent arterioles vasodilate, these cells will release the hormone ______into the bl

A

juxtaglomerular cells: wrap around the afferent arterioles

the juxtaglomerular cells release: renin

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4
Q

renin combines with _____ to make angiotensin I

A

angiotensinogen (made in the liver)

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5
Q

______: the location where angiotensin 1 is converted into angiotensin 2

A

lungs

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6
Q

angiotensin II has its greatest effect on _(location) and cause _____

this will force fluid out of the glomerulus into bowman’s capsule to be filtered

A

Location: efferent arterioles

cause: vasoconstriction

(angiotensin II is the MOST POWERFUL vasoconstrictor)

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7
Q

angiotensin II has its effect on what structure?

what does it cause?

A

goes to the: zona glomerulosa

causes: the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone–> affects the distal convoluted tubules = saves Na+ and excretes K+

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8
Q

WHat hormone causes the distal convoluted tubules to save Na+ and excrete K+?

A

aldosterone

secreted from the zona glomerulosa

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9
Q

Na+ levels rise in the body–> osmoreceptors in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalmus release ___/____

A

ADH/ vasopressin

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10
Q

ADH has its effect on the ______ of the kidneys

causes kidneys to: ________

A

ADH has its effect on the: COLLECTING DUCTS

causes: the collecting ducts to become permeable to water (water is retained and restored to the bl)

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11
Q

Name the structures that urine goes through from papilla to renal pelvis

A

papilla –> pyramid –> minor calyx–> major calyx–> sinus–> renal pelvis

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12
Q

name the 4 segments that the urethra is broken up into in the male

A

1st: protatic
2nd: membranous urethra (passing through the urogenital diaphragm)
3rd: spongy urethra (through the corpus spongiosum)
4th: penile urethra (head of the penis)

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13
Q

___(structure)____ is responsible for male erections

this structure starts that the crux of the penis

A

corpus cavernosa

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14
Q

Aldosterone:
What triggers its release?
Where does it act?
Action?

A

aldosterone:
triggered by: angiotensin II
where does it act? distal convoluted tubules
action: saves Na+, excretes K+

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15
Q

ADH:
What triggers its release?
Where does it act?
Action?

A

What triggers its release: Incr Na+
Where does it act: collecting ducts
Action: makes the collecting ducts more permeable= reabsorption of water

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