Physiology- kidneys Flashcards
_(structure)__ will detect a decr in sodium and interpret it was a decr in BP
located near the distal convoluted tubule
Macula Densa
the macula densa detects a decrease in sodium –> will cause vasodilation of the ____
afferent arterioles
the _____ cells are wrapped around the afferent arterioles. When the afferent arterioles vasodilate, these cells will release the hormone ______into the bl
juxtaglomerular cells: wrap around the afferent arterioles
the juxtaglomerular cells release: renin
renin combines with _____ to make angiotensin I
angiotensinogen (made in the liver)
______: the location where angiotensin 1 is converted into angiotensin 2
lungs
angiotensin II has its greatest effect on _(location) and cause _____
this will force fluid out of the glomerulus into bowman’s capsule to be filtered
Location: efferent arterioles
cause: vasoconstriction
(angiotensin II is the MOST POWERFUL vasoconstrictor)
angiotensin II has its effect on what structure?
what does it cause?
goes to the: zona glomerulosa
causes: the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone–> affects the distal convoluted tubules = saves Na+ and excretes K+
WHat hormone causes the distal convoluted tubules to save Na+ and excrete K+?
aldosterone
secreted from the zona glomerulosa
Na+ levels rise in the body–> osmoreceptors in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalmus release ___/____
ADH/ vasopressin
ADH has its effect on the ______ of the kidneys
causes kidneys to: ________
ADH has its effect on the: COLLECTING DUCTS
causes: the collecting ducts to become permeable to water (water is retained and restored to the bl)
Name the structures that urine goes through from papilla to renal pelvis
papilla –> pyramid –> minor calyx–> major calyx–> sinus–> renal pelvis
name the 4 segments that the urethra is broken up into in the male
1st: protatic
2nd: membranous urethra (passing through the urogenital diaphragm)
3rd: spongy urethra (through the corpus spongiosum)
4th: penile urethra (head of the penis)
___(structure)____ is responsible for male erections
this structure starts that the crux of the penis
corpus cavernosa
Aldosterone:
What triggers its release?
Where does it act?
Action?
aldosterone:
triggered by: angiotensin II
where does it act? distal convoluted tubules
action: saves Na+, excretes K+
ADH:
What triggers its release?
Where does it act?
Action?
What triggers its release: Incr Na+
Where does it act: collecting ducts
Action: makes the collecting ducts more permeable= reabsorption of water
