Pharm Final Flashcards
Thiazide depletes
potassium (fatigue)
What antihyperlipidemia drug is water soluble and inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
niacin (decr liver triglycerides and lower VLDL and LDL)
Skin flush
Pruritis
Nausea
Ab pain
side effects of Niacin
stimualtes lipoprotein lipase to breakdown triglycerides into FFA’s and remove from plasma
clofibrate (don’t use with anticoagulant)
Condition where clofibrate is used
hypertryglyceridemia
Myositis
Gi disturbance
gall stones
side effects of clofibrate
Binds to bile acid and bile salt in SI and excreted in feces
Cholestyramine
MC HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
lovastatin/mevacor
Misvastatin/zocor
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
abnormal liver function
side effects of lovastatin and zocor
pregnant and nursing mothers should not take which antihyperlipidemias
lovastatin and zocor
prostaglandin synthesis:
phospholipid to arachidonic acid (via cyclooxyrgenase) to prostaglandin
prostaglandins stimulate TXA2 for
platelet aggregation
aspirin acts as anti-inflammatory by
decr prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase
high dose of aspirin can lead to
hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis
do all NSAIDs cause interstitial nephritis?
No. not aspirin
Hepatitis w/ cerebreal edema is caused by chicken pox and aspirin: name syndrome
reyes syndrome
when is aspirin prescribed
1 antipyretic
- analgesic/antiinflammatory
- unstable angina
- coronary artery thrombosis
if patient bleeds in GIT due to aspirin use, they should be given
misoprostol/cytotec
aspirin side effects
nausea vomiting gastritis prolonged bleeding allergy metabolic acidosis reyes syndrome
lethal dose of aspirin
> 13 grams
NSAID’s that work as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and better than aspirin–work as potent cyclooxyrgenase inhibitors
- ibuprofen/motrin (fever)
2. naproxen/anaprox
Ibuprofen side effects
GI bleed
prolonged bleeding
*interstitial nephritis
Indomethacin is prescribed for
RA, AS, Gout
indomethacin side effects
GI bleed
*frontal HA
neutopenia
thrombocytopenia
most powerful antiinflammaotry
Phenylbutazone (weak antipyretic/analgesic)
Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis are side effects of
phenylbutazone (RA and Gout)
acetominophen acts to
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (weak antiinflammatory, better antipyretic and analgesic)
Tylenol vs aspirin
aspirin prolongs bleeding time, tylenol doesnt
how does acetaminophen cause liver damage
can be hydroxylated and become toxic
side effects of acetominophen
liver damage (>13g), rash
acetominophen overdose, use
N-acetylcysteine
lethal dose of aspirin for children
around 7 grams
gold salts are used for
RA and other arthritis
dermatitis could be caused by ** (WRONG: GOLD SALT)
acetominophen use
Severe RA med that is used when no other med works
methyltrexate
colchicine is used for
Gout (inhibits lipooxygenase)
chronic gout med
allopurinol
colchicine fatal dose
8mg in 24hrs
action of colchicine
binds to tubular causing depolymerization
side effects of colchicine
ab pain
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea**
action of allpurinol
decr uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase
allergy/skin rashes are side effects seen with
allopurinol
median lethal dose ( LD50)
smallest dose given to kill 50% of test group
MEdian lethal concentration (LC50)
smallest concentration given to kill 50% of test group
threshold limit value
max amount considered safe
Simple asphyxants
irritants
systemic toxicants
types of gaseous poisons
most rapid acting poisons forming complex with ferric ions of cytochrome oxidase system
cyanide
breath of person poisoned with cyanide
bitter almond
cyanide antidote
amyinitrite**
cherry red cyanosis
carbon monoxide poisoning
CO is 200x more affinic than O2
true
tx for CO poisoning
100% O2
only heavy metal toxin which affects kidney
arsenic
arsenic poisoning affects on body
pale bands appear in toenails and fingers
arsenic poisoning antidote
dimercaprol
MCC heavy metal poisoning
lead via GI and inhalation
lead poisoning antidote
dimercaprol, edentate
black line on gums, lead encephalopathy are signs of
lead poisoning
Mercury poisoning cuases
cardiovascular collapse or anuria
nickel itch dermatitis
nickel poisoning
metal fume fever
zinc poisoning
lethal blood lever of ETOH
0.5g/dl
best home drink for poison
milk
best emetic at home
syrup of ipecac (aspiration pneumonia)
atropine OD
physostigmine
Organosulfate/insecticide poisoning OD
atropine
tubocurarine OD
neostigmine
Physostigmine or neostigmine OD
pralidoxime
Hallucinogen OD
haloperidol
GI bleeding caused by NSAID’s tx
misoprostol
acetominophen OD
N-acetylcysteine
Cyanide poisoning
amyinitrite
arsenic poisoning
dimercaprol
lead poisoning
dimercoprol or edetate
motion sickness
scopalomine or dramamine
used during surgery to relax pt
tubocurarine
EC shock tx
succinylcholine
shock
dopamine
frostbite
phentolamine
benign prostatic hypertrophy
terazosin
elderly and black hypertension
labetolol
used after car accident
valium
alcohol withdrawal
disulfiram
bed wetting
imipramine
partial seizures
carbamazepine
petit mal.absent seizure
euthoximide
moutnain sickness
acetazolamide/diamox
acute pulmonary edema due to CHF
furosemide/lasix
edema with nephritic syndrome
hydrochlorothiazide
edema due to hepatic cirrhosis
spironolactone/aldactone
100% bioavailability
IV
phase 1 rxns catalyzed by
cytochrome p450
drug metabolism rxn in liver
phase II
Phase II metabolism in liver enhanced by
glucouronyl transferase
agonist
BINDS to receptor and gets response
antagonist
decr action of agonist
what synthesizes ACh
choline acetyl transferase
beak down ACh
ACH esterase
atropine overdose
physostigmine
used in myasthenia graves and antidote for tubocurarine
neostigmine
antidote for tubcurarine OD
neostigmine
drug used in eye exams and tx of diarrhea
atropine
organophosphate poisoning tx
atropine
used during surgery to relax muscle
tubocurarine
pilocarpine does what for glaucoma pts
decr intraocular pressure
open angle glaucoma can happen after given
atropine due to mydriatic effect
used during electroconvulsive shock
succinylcholine
succinylcholine side effects
malignant hyperthermia
tx for malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene
B2 agonist action
bronchodilation
BV dilation
Incr glucagon releas
relax uterine smooth
B1 agonist action
incr HR
incr contraction
Incr lipolysis
A2 agonist action
smooth musclerelax
inhibit lipolysis
inhibit NE and renin
A1 agonist action
smooth mus contra
close urethra
vasoconstrict
mydriasis
drug that incr CO without incr BP
dobutamine
bronchial asthma, anaphylactic shock and local anesthetic
epinephrine
CHF tx
dobutamine
a blocker
(osin)
b blocker
(olol)
a blocker used to treat frostbite
phentolamine
MC b blocker used for young adults and low BP
propanolol
valium is good for
agitated person
major side effect of phenobarbitol
induce cytochrome p450 to decr action of other drugs
drug given for alcohol withdrawal
disulfiram (blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase)
theophylline and methylxanthine found in
tea
theophylline used for
asthma
cocaine works by
blocking reuptake of NE
Tricyclic Anti depressants are used in
severe depression and panic attacks(bed wetting)
imipramine used for
bed wetting
MAO’s can cause
hypertensive crisis
schizophrenia tx via serotonin blockers
risperidone and clozapine
shizo tx via dopamine blockers
haloperidol
MU receptors are
strongest
codeine is used for
pts with dry cough
opioids are contraindicated for
head injuries
morphine receptor
Kappa
used for partial seizures
phenytoin/dilantin
gingival hperplasia
phenytoin/dilantin
simple partial seizure med
phenobarbitol
absent/petit mal med
ehtosuximide
carbamazapine is used for
children with partial seizure
diamox acts by
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
mountain sickness tx
acetazolamide
loop diuretics incr
Ca
acute pulmonary edema by CHF tx
furosemide/lasix
synthetic aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone
diuretic linked to causing gout
hydrochlorothiazide
side effect of thiazide
decr potassium
