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BOARDS Part 1 > Pharm Final > Flashcards

Pharm Final Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazide depletes

A

potassium (fatigue)

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2
Q

What antihyperlipidemia drug is water soluble and inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue

A

niacin (decr liver triglycerides and lower VLDL and LDL)

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3
Q

Skin flush
Pruritis
Nausea
Ab pain

A

side effects of Niacin

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4
Q

stimualtes lipoprotein lipase to breakdown triglycerides into FFA’s and remove from plasma

A

clofibrate (don’t use with anticoagulant)

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5
Q

Condition where clofibrate is used

A

hypertryglyceridemia

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6
Q

Myositis
Gi disturbance
gall stones

A

side effects of clofibrate

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7
Q

Binds to bile acid and bile salt in SI and excreted in feces

A

Cholestyramine

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8
Q

MC HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

lovastatin/mevacor

Misvastatin/zocor

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9
Q

myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
abnormal liver function

A

side effects of lovastatin and zocor

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10
Q

pregnant and nursing mothers should not take which antihyperlipidemias

A

lovastatin and zocor

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11
Q

prostaglandin synthesis:

A

phospholipid to arachidonic acid (via cyclooxyrgenase) to prostaglandin

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12
Q

prostaglandins stimulate TXA2 for

A

platelet aggregation

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13
Q

aspirin acts as anti-inflammatory by

A

decr prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase

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14
Q

high dose of aspirin can lead to

A

hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis

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15
Q

do all NSAIDs cause interstitial nephritis?

A

No. not aspirin

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16
Q

Hepatitis w/ cerebreal edema is caused by chicken pox and aspirin: name syndrome

A

reyes syndrome

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17
Q

when is aspirin prescribed

A

1 antipyretic

  1. analgesic/antiinflammatory
  2. unstable angina
  3. coronary artery thrombosis
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18
Q

if patient bleeds in GIT due to aspirin use, they should be given

A

misoprostol/cytotec

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19
Q

aspirin side effects

A 
nausea
vomiting
gastritis
prolonged bleeding
allergy
metabolic acidosis
reyes syndrome
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20
Q

lethal dose of aspirin

A

> 13 grams

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21
Q

NSAID’s that work as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and better than aspirin–work as potent cyclooxyrgenase inhibitors

A
  1. ibuprofen/motrin (fever)

2. naproxen/anaprox

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22
Q

Ibuprofen side effects

A

GI bleed
prolonged bleeding
*interstitial nephritis

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23
Q

Indomethacin is prescribed for

A

RA, AS, Gout

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24
Q

indomethacin side effects

A

GI bleed
*frontal HA
neutopenia
thrombocytopenia

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25
Q

most powerful antiinflammaotry

A

Phenylbutazone (weak antipyretic/analgesic)

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26
Q

Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis are side effects of

A

phenylbutazone (RA and Gout)

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27
Q

acetominophen acts to

A

inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS (weak antiinflammatory, better antipyretic and analgesic)

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28
Q

Tylenol vs aspirin

A

aspirin prolongs bleeding time, tylenol doesnt

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29
Q

how does acetaminophen cause liver damage

A

can be hydroxylated and become toxic

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30
Q

side effects of acetominophen

A

liver damage (>13g), rash

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31
Q

acetominophen overdose, use

A

N-acetylcysteine

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32
Q

lethal dose of aspirin for children

A

around 7 grams

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33
Q

gold salts are used for

A

RA and other arthritis

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34
Q

dermatitis could be caused by ** (WRONG: GOLD SALT)

A

acetominophen use

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35
Q

Severe RA med that is used when no other med works

A

methyltrexate

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36
Q

colchicine is used for

A

Gout (inhibits lipooxygenase)

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37
Q

chronic gout med

A

allopurinol

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38
Q

colchicine fatal dose

A

8mg in 24hrs

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39
Q

action of colchicine

A

binds to tubular causing depolymerization

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40
Q

side effects of colchicine

A

ab pain
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea**

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41
Q

action of allpurinol

A

decr uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase

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42
Q

allergy/skin rashes are side effects seen with

A

allopurinol

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43
Q

median lethal dose ( LD50)

A

smallest dose given to kill 50% of test group

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44
Q

MEdian lethal concentration (LC50)

A

smallest concentration given to kill 50% of test group

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45
Q

threshold limit value

A

max amount considered safe

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46
Q

Simple asphyxants
irritants
systemic toxicants

A

types of gaseous poisons

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47
Q

most rapid acting poisons forming complex with ferric ions of cytochrome oxidase system

A

cyanide

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48
Q

breath of person poisoned with cyanide

A

bitter almond

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49
Q

cyanide antidote

A

amyinitrite**

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50
Q

cherry red cyanosis

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

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51
Q

CO is 200x more affinic than O2

A

true

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52
Q

tx for CO poisoning

A

100% O2

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53
Q

only heavy metal toxin which affects kidney

A

arsenic

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54
Q

arsenic poisoning affects on body

A

pale bands appear in toenails and fingers

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55
Q

arsenic poisoning antidote

A

dimercaprol

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56
Q

MCC heavy metal poisoning

A

lead via GI and inhalation

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57
Q

lead poisoning antidote

A

dimercaprol, edentate

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58
Q

black line on gums, lead encephalopathy are signs of

A

lead poisoning

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59
Q

Mercury poisoning cuases

A

cardiovascular collapse or anuria

60
Q

nickel itch dermatitis

A

nickel poisoning

61
Q

metal fume fever

A

zinc poisoning

62
Q

lethal blood lever of ETOH

A

0.5g/dl

63
Q

best home drink for poison

A

milk

64
Q

best emetic at home

A

syrup of ipecac (aspiration pneumonia)

65
Q

atropine OD

A

physostigmine

66
Q

Organosulfate/insecticide poisoning OD

A

atropine

67
Q

tubocurarine OD

A

neostigmine

68
Q

Physostigmine or neostigmine OD

A

pralidoxime

69
Q

Hallucinogen OD

A

haloperidol

70
Q

GI bleeding caused by NSAID’s tx

A

misoprostol

71
Q

acetominophen OD

A

N-acetylcysteine

72
Q

Cyanide poisoning

A

amyinitrite

73
Q

arsenic poisoning

A

dimercaprol

74
Q

lead poisoning

A

dimercoprol or edetate

75
Q

motion sickness

A

scopalomine or dramamine

76
Q

used during surgery to relax pt

A

tubocurarine

77
Q

EC shock tx

A

succinylcholine

78
Q

shock

A

dopamine

79
Q

frostbite

A

phentolamine

80
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

terazosin

81
Q

elderly and black hypertension

A

labetolol

82
Q

used after car accident

A

valium

83
Q

alcohol withdrawal

A

disulfiram

84
Q

bed wetting

A

imipramine

85
Q

partial seizures

A

carbamazepine

86
Q

petit mal.absent seizure

A

euthoximide

87
Q

moutnain sickness

A

acetazolamide/diamox

88
Q

acute pulmonary edema due to CHF

A

furosemide/lasix

89
Q

edema with nephritic syndrome

A

hydrochlorothiazide

90
Q

edema due to hepatic cirrhosis

A

spironolactone/aldactone

91
Q

100% bioavailability

A

IV

92
Q

phase 1 rxns catalyzed by

A

cytochrome p450

93
Q

drug metabolism rxn in liver

A

phase II

94
Q

Phase II metabolism in liver enhanced by

A

glucouronyl transferase

95
Q

agonist

A

BINDS to receptor and gets response

96
Q

antagonist

A

decr action of agonist

97
Q

what synthesizes ACh

A

choline acetyl transferase

98
Q

beak down ACh

A

ACH esterase

99
Q

atropine overdose

A

physostigmine

100
Q

used in myasthenia graves and antidote for tubocurarine

A

neostigmine

101
Q

antidote for tubcurarine OD

A

neostigmine

102
Q

drug used in eye exams and tx of diarrhea

A

atropine

103
Q

organophosphate poisoning tx

A

atropine

104
Q

used during surgery to relax muscle

A

tubocurarine

105
Q

pilocarpine does what for glaucoma pts

A

decr intraocular pressure

106
Q

open angle glaucoma can happen after given

A

atropine due to mydriatic effect

107
Q

used during electroconvulsive shock

A

succinylcholine

108
Q

succinylcholine side effects

A

malignant hyperthermia

109
Q

tx for malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

110
Q

B2 agonist action

A

bronchodilation
BV dilation
Incr glucagon releas
relax uterine smooth

111
Q

B1 agonist action

A

incr HR
incr contraction
Incr lipolysis

112
Q

A2 agonist action

A

smooth musclerelax
inhibit lipolysis
inhibit NE and renin

113
Q

A1 agonist action

A

smooth mus contra
close urethra
vasoconstrict
mydriasis

114
Q

drug that incr CO without incr BP

A

dobutamine

115
Q

bronchial asthma, anaphylactic shock and local anesthetic

A

epinephrine

116
Q

CHF tx

A

dobutamine

117
Q

a blocker

A

(osin)

118
Q

b blocker

A

(olol)

119
Q

a blocker used to treat frostbite

A

phentolamine

120
Q

MC b blocker used for young adults and low BP

A

propanolol

121
Q

valium is good for

A

agitated person

122
Q

major side effect of phenobarbitol

A

induce cytochrome p450 to decr action of other drugs

123
Q

drug given for alcohol withdrawal

A

disulfiram (blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase)

124
Q

theophylline and methylxanthine found in

A

tea

125
Q

theophylline used for

A

asthma

126
Q

cocaine works by

A

blocking reuptake of NE

127
Q

Tricyclic Anti depressants are used in

A

severe depression and panic attacks(bed wetting)

128
Q

imipramine used for

A

bed wetting

129
Q

MAO’s can cause

A

hypertensive crisis

130
Q

schizophrenia tx via serotonin blockers

A

risperidone and clozapine

131
Q

shizo tx via dopamine blockers

A

haloperidol

132
Q

MU receptors are

A

strongest

133
Q

codeine is used for

A

pts with dry cough

134
Q

opioids are contraindicated for

A

head injuries

135
Q

morphine receptor

A

Kappa

136
Q

used for partial seizures

A

phenytoin/dilantin

137
Q

gingival hperplasia

A

phenytoin/dilantin

138
Q

simple partial seizure med

A

phenobarbitol

139
Q

absent/petit mal med

A

ehtosuximide

140
Q

carbamazapine is used for

A

children with partial seizure

141
Q

diamox acts by

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

142
Q

mountain sickness tx

A

acetazolamide

143
Q

loop diuretics incr

A

Ca

144
Q

acute pulmonary edema by CHF tx

A

furosemide/lasix

145
Q

synthetic aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone

146
Q

diuretic linked to causing gout

A

hydrochlorothiazide

147
Q

side effect of thiazide

A

decr potassium

BOARDS Part 1 (33 decks)

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