Ruminant Respiratory Surgery Flashcards
dehorning of cattle >2 months can be done using what methods? (4)
-barnes (calves 3 months - 1 year) -keystone (guillotine) -powered saw -OB wire
which muscles do you split when doing a tracheostomy? and what tool do you use?
sternohyoideus and sternthyroideus using Weitlaner retractor
3 approaches used to drain pharyngeal abscesses
-orally -transcutaneous -via pharyngotomy
treatment for masses in nasal cavity/nasopharynx? what approach is used?
endoscope guided resection using a chain ecraseur approach through nostril for rostral masses approach through mouth for caudal masses
when doing thermal debudding, when do you know to stop?
when surrounding skin is copper colored
treatment of issues in maxillary sinus (maxillary sinusitis, sinonasal cyst, neoplasia)
maxillary bone flap (performed under GA in lateral recumbency)
contraindication for cosmetic dehorning?
infection (because don’t want to close over the infection)
what sequelae can occur if a fracture of the first rib goes unnoticed in a calf?
compression of the trachea refer for partial costectomy + extraluminal rings or intraluminal stent or euthanize
this lymph node can abscess in calves and cause dyspnea
retropharyngeal LN (just caudal to pharynx)
which sinus in cattle communicates with the cornual diverticulum?
frontal sinus
sign of lower airway issues
EXPIRATORY dyspnea
difference between cattle and horses when it comes to arytenoid chondritis
always infectious in cattle
tool needed to treat frontal sinusitis
trephine
surgical options for arytenoid chondritis (3)
-tracheolaryngostomy -permanent tracheostomy -arytenoidectomy via laryngotomy incision
trephination
surgery used for treatment of frontal sinusitis
how long is the incision for a tracheostomy?
10 cm at the junction of the cranial and middle 1/3 of neck
which sinus cavity in cattle communicates with the palantine sinus and nasal cavity via the nasomaxillary opening?
maxillary sinus
where is incision made for pharyngotomy?
ventral midline from thyroid cartilage of larynx to rostral end of basihyoid bone
Power saw for dehorning
when doing a tracheostomy: your incision into the annular ligament must be…
<50 % circumference
Chain ecraseur
issues seen in maxillary sinus? (3)
-sinusitis -sinonasal cyst -neoplasia
equipment needed for maxillary bone flap
periosteal elevator mallet + osteotome
which is a dominant allele: horned or polled?
polled
chemical debudding is used for what ages? any pros/cons?
< 1 week old cons: can recur; no anesthetic used so can be uncomfortable for calf
treatment of frontal sinusitis
trephination
anesthesia for dehorning: nerve and landmark
-block cornual n. (a branch of the zygomaticotemporal, which is a branch of trigeminal V2) landmark: temporal crest
laryngeal necrobacillosis is caused by…
fusobacterium necrophorum
debudding
done in calves <2 months; destroys horn producing cells (corium) methods: -chemical/caustic paste -thermal/cautery -cutting: tube, cup, scoop
what’s unique about ruminants mediastinum?
complete!!
cutting debudding uses _____ tool.
cup/scoop
most common bacteria cultured from frontal sinusitis (2)
-when occurs secondary to dehorning: trueperella pyogenes -when is respiratory origin: pasteurella multocida
prognosis for frontal sinusitis is good. what’s a negative prognostic indicator?
CNS signs
Arytenoid chondritis in jersey cow
treatment for masses involving conchae
nasal flap elevation
Barnes
what must you remember when using a scoop to debud a calf?
must remove 1 cm of haired skin to prevent recurrence
what’s unique about the bovine upper airway?
-incomplete caudal nasopharyngeal septum -prominent rounded corniculate processes -jersey cows have irregular dark pigmentation of their laryngeal mucosa
causes of nasal obstruction (5)
-congenital: -sinonasal cyst -choanal atresia (usually fatal) -acquired -nasal granulomas (due to infections) -nasal polyps -neoplasia (osteoma, ACA)
how many sinuses do cattle have? which are most important?
6 maxillary and frontal are most important
which sinus is difficult to lavage and why: maxillary or frontal?
frontal: empties into nasal cavity through multiple fenestrations
rib fractures in cattle most commonly occurs at ____ time and at _____ location
at birth at the costochondral junction
sign of upper airway obstruction
inspiratory dyspnea
what tool is used to resect masses in nasal cavity/nasopharynx?
chain ecraseur
causes of frontal sinusitis
-Dehorning -trauma/horn fracture -frontal bone fracture
cons of scoop method of debudding?
bloody, painful, risk to handler
what must you remember when doing a maxillary bone flap?
BEWARE of fascial vein
what to remember when using the barnes to dehorn cattle? (3)
-for cattle 3 months - 1 year -must remove at least 1 cm haired skin -hemostasis of cornual artery required
