Repro Surgery in Stallions Flashcards
what forms the prepubital orific in stallions
reflection of the external lamina
G.S. diagnosis of cryptorchid stallions
AMH
paraphimosis
inability to retract penis
yellow granules on penis indicate…
L3 from habronemiasis
phimosis
inability to extrude penis
extensive reefing is also known as…
adam’s procedure (removal of entire internal lamina)
what landmark do you pull when retrieving a retained teste via inguinal approach?
vaginal process
what forms the prepubital ring
reflection of the internal lamina
which is more common in stallions: unilateral cryptorchids or bilateral?
unilateral
treatment for superficial penial neoplasia
5-FU cream for 14 days
signs associated with cutaneous habronemiasis/summer sores
- for lesions on urethral process: hematuria/hemospermia
- for lesions around prepubital ring: impairs telescoping
G.S. surgery for removal of abdominally retained testes in stallions
standing laparoscopy
types of abdominal cryptorchids in stallions
- incomplete: teste in abdomen BUT tail of epididymus past vaginal ring
- complete
***abdominally retained testes will NEVER descend
treatment for extensive, coalescing penile neoplasias
reefing
in stallions: which teste is usually inguinal? and which abdominal?
right is usually inguinal (60% of time)
left is usually abdominal (75%)
OPPOSITE for ponies
which is more common in stallions: right unilateral cryptorochids or left?
EQUAL
you are unsure where a retained teste is. what is the surgery of choice?
standing laparoscopy
signalment for SCC
geldings >stallions because of smegma
true or false: new study suggests that cryptorchidism in stallions may not be as heritable as previously thought
true
surgical options for paraphimosis
***all affect breeding; should be done with castration
- extensive reefing/adam’s procedure: remove entire internal lamina then suture external lamina to free part of penis
- phallopexy/Bolz procedure: more invasive/less common
- partial phallectomy: for penile paralysis or irreparable damage
treatment for deeper but small penile neoplasias
5-FU, laser, cryotherapy
normal testicular descent
10 days before birth to 10 days after birth
what facilitates testicular descent
shortening of gubernaculum (which later becomes proper ligament, ligament of tail of the epididymus, and scrotal ligmaent)
true or false: unilateral stallion cryptorchids are usually fertile
true
where is genital SCC usually found
glans penis or internal lamina
indications for surgery for paraphimosis (3)
- refractory to medical management
- fibrosis/scarring prevents retraction
- nerve damage
pros of standing laparoscopy to retrieve retained testes
NO GA required
excellent viewing + hemostasis
phallopexy is also known as…
bolz procedure
extensive penile neoplasia +/- tunica albuginea involved
partial phallectomy (CASTRATE beforehand; can be done standing, GA, or via banding for 4 weeks)
true or false: monorchism is extremely rare in equines
true
surgical options for cryptorchid stallions
- inguinal approach: can be used for inguinal or abdominal testes (but NOT GS for abdominal)
- standing laparoscopy: G.S. for abdominal or if prior attempts at castration have already been made or if location unknown
types of inguinal cryptorchids in stallions
- can be within external inguinal canal (just past vaginal ring)
- or can be further down in SQ
ALL inguinal testes have a chance of descending until 2-3 years
true or false: inguinal retained testes can descend in stallions until about 2-3 years. Abdominally retained, on the other hand, NEVER descend
true
bilateral cryptorchid stallions are usually retained where?
abdominal 60% of time AND usually sterile
true or false: stallion behavior is learned
true
cause of phimosis
acquired stricture of prepubital orifice or ring
treatment for phimosis in stallions
- if stricture at prepubital ring: reefing or wedge
- if stricture at prepubital orifice: remove wedge
most common locations for cutaneous habornemiasis in stallions
urethral process and prepubital ring
Why are horses prone to uroliths
Urine is high in Ca carbonate and has an alkaline (high) pH
Most common locations for stones in equines
Bladder> urethra >kidney > ureter
Types of uroliths in equines
Type 1: rough and yellow (95%)
Type 2: smooth, white, AND RESISTANT TO FRAGMENTATION (has P and Mg)
GS for removal of stones in equines
Laparocystotomy via parainguinal approach (requires GA)
Can also do transurethral (perineal urethrotomy)
This is makes a horse NOT a candidate for removal of stones surgically
Sabulous cystitis
Dysfunction of detrusor m. Can’t void bladder.
Distended bladder on TR palpation
