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LAS > Repro Surgery in Stallions > Flashcards

Repro Surgery in Stallions Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the prepubital orific in stallions

A

reflection of the external lamina

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2
Q

G.S. diagnosis of cryptorchid stallions

A

AMH

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3
Q

paraphimosis

A

inability to retract penis

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4
Q

yellow granules on penis indicate…

A

L3 from habronemiasis

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5
Q

phimosis

A

inability to extrude penis

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6
Q

extensive reefing is also known as…

A

adam’s procedure (removal of entire internal lamina)

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7
Q

what landmark do you pull when retrieving a retained teste via inguinal approach?

A

vaginal process

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8
Q

what forms the prepubital ring

A

reflection of the internal lamina

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9
Q

which is more common in stallions: unilateral cryptorchids or bilateral?

A

unilateral

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10
Q

treatment for superficial penial neoplasia

A

5-FU cream for 14 days

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11
Q

signs associated with cutaneous habronemiasis/summer sores

A
  • for lesions on urethral process: hematuria/hemospermia

- for lesions around prepubital ring: impairs telescoping

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12
Q

G.S. surgery for removal of abdominally retained testes in stallions

A

standing laparoscopy

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13
Q

types of abdominal cryptorchids in stallions

A
  • incomplete: teste in abdomen BUT tail of epididymus past vaginal ring
  • complete

***abdominally retained testes will NEVER descend

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14
Q

treatment for extensive, coalescing penile neoplasias

A

reefing

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15
Q

in stallions: which teste is usually inguinal? and which abdominal?

A

right is usually inguinal (60% of time)

left is usually abdominal (75%)

OPPOSITE for ponies

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16
Q

which is more common in stallions: right unilateral cryptorochids or left?

A

EQUAL

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17
Q

you are unsure where a retained teste is. what is the surgery of choice?

A

standing laparoscopy

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18
Q

signalment for SCC

A

geldings >stallions because of smegma

19
Q

true or false: new study suggests that cryptorchidism in stallions may not be as heritable as previously thought

A

true

20
Q

surgical options for paraphimosis

A

***all affect breeding; should be done with castration

  • extensive reefing/adam’s procedure: remove entire internal lamina then suture external lamina to free part of penis
  • phallopexy/Bolz procedure: more invasive/less common
  • partial phallectomy: for penile paralysis or irreparable damage
21
Q

treatment for deeper but small penile neoplasias

A

5-FU, laser, cryotherapy

22
Q

normal testicular descent

A

10 days before birth to 10 days after birth

23
Q

what facilitates testicular descent

A

shortening of gubernaculum (which later becomes proper ligament, ligament of tail of the epididymus, and scrotal ligmaent)

24
Q

true or false: unilateral stallion cryptorchids are usually fertile

A

true

25
Q

where is genital SCC usually found

A

glans penis or internal lamina

26
Q

indications for surgery for paraphimosis (3)

A
  • refractory to medical management
  • fibrosis/scarring prevents retraction
  • nerve damage
27
Q

pros of standing laparoscopy to retrieve retained testes

A

NO GA required

excellent viewing + hemostasis

28
Q

phallopexy is also known as…

A

bolz procedure

29
Q

extensive penile neoplasia +/- tunica albuginea involved

A

partial phallectomy (CASTRATE beforehand; can be done standing, GA, or via banding for 4 weeks)

30
Q

true or false: monorchism is extremely rare in equines

A

true

31
Q

surgical options for cryptorchid stallions

A
  • inguinal approach: can be used for inguinal or abdominal testes (but NOT GS for abdominal)
  • standing laparoscopy: G.S. for abdominal or if prior attempts at castration have already been made or if location unknown
32
Q

types of inguinal cryptorchids in stallions

A
  • can be within external inguinal canal (just past vaginal ring)
  • or can be further down in SQ

ALL inguinal testes have a chance of descending until 2-3 years

33
Q

true or false: inguinal retained testes can descend in stallions until about 2-3 years. Abdominally retained, on the other hand, NEVER descend

A

true

34
Q

bilateral cryptorchid stallions are usually retained where?

A

abdominal 60% of time AND usually sterile

35
Q

true or false: stallion behavior is learned

A

true

36
Q

cause of phimosis

A

acquired stricture of prepubital orifice or ring

37
Q

treatment for phimosis in stallions

A
  • if stricture at prepubital ring: reefing or wedge

- if stricture at prepubital orifice: remove wedge

38
Q

most common locations for cutaneous habornemiasis in stallions

A

urethral process and prepubital ring

39
Q

Why are horses prone to uroliths

A

Urine is high in Ca carbonate and has an alkaline (high) pH

40
Q

Most common locations for stones in equines

A

Bladder> urethra >kidney > ureter

41
Q

Types of uroliths in equines

A

Type 1: rough and yellow (95%)

Type 2: smooth, white, AND RESISTANT TO FRAGMENTATION (has P and Mg)

42
Q

GS for removal of stones in equines

A

Laparocystotomy via parainguinal approach (requires GA)

Can also do transurethral (perineal urethrotomy)

43
Q

This is makes a horse NOT a candidate for removal of stones surgically

A

Sabulous cystitis

Dysfunction of detrusor m. Can’t void bladder.

Distended bladder on TR palpation

LAS (51 decks)

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