Repro Surgery in Mares Flashcards
options for treatment of granulosa theca cell tumors
- standing laparoscopy (G.S.)
- via standing colpotomy ONLY if <10 cm
treatment for pneumovagina
caslicks vulvoplasty
what to remember when considering surgery for urovagina
must do biopsies to ensure no permanent changes
signalment for urovagina
aged multiparous mares -> stretching of tissues + poor conformation -> vaginal fornix ventral to external urethral sphincter
common in TB
true or false: granulosa theca cell tumors in mares are usually benign and slow growing BUT produce hormones
true
pre op prep for repair of 3rd degree perineal laceration
preop care: low bulk diet (if >1 yr post injury-> biopsies)
post op standing colpotomy
no laying down for 7-10 days
treatment for 3rd degree perineal lacerations
complete disruption between rectum and vestibule. can lead to infertility
ALLOW 4 WEEKS TO PASS BEFORE REPAIRING
preop care: low bulk diet (if >1 yr post injury-> biopsies)
post op: keep feces sot for 3-4 weeks; sexual rest from natural breeding for 2 months; fertility returns 1 month post op
1st degree perineal laceration
mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure
when does fertility return after repair of 3rd degree perineal laceration?
1 month post op; sexually rest from natural breeding for 2 months
treatment for 2nd degree perineal lacerations
same as 1st degree (mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure) +constrictor vulvae muscle -> affects integrity of vestibular sphincter -> pneumo/urovagina
treatment: vestibulovulvoplasty
assisted vs. controlled vaginal delivery
assisted: mare awake and doing most of the work
controlled: mare under GA
second degree perineal laceration
same as 1st degree (mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure) +constrictor vulvae muscle -> affects integrity of vestibular sphincter -> pneumo/urovagina
treatment for urovagina
urethral extension via Mckinnon technique or modified mckinnon technique
you’re doing a standing laparoscopy to remove a granulosa cell tumor. what are your options for removing the tumor from the body wall?
- morcellation/retrieval bag through portal
- flank laparotomy if too big for portal
- ventral midline laparotomy if EXTRA large
how to close equine uterus
whip stitch (because equine uterus bleeds a TON) + simple continuous + inverting
treatment for 1st degree perineal lacerations
torn mucosa of vestibule and skin at dorsal vulvar commisure
treatment options:
- benign neglect
- caslicks vulvoplasty
diagnosis of granulosa theca cell tumor
transrectal palpation: enlarged ovary with contralateral small ovary
transrectal US: honeycomb ovary
hormone panel: AMH G.S.
histo
how to do a c-section in mares
Ventral midline celiotomy
NEVER flank
when can you use standing colpotomy to remove granulosa theca cell tumors?
G.S. is standing laparoscopy, but you can do standing colpotomy if tumor is <10 cm
post op c-section in mares
oxytocin IV +/- drain
3rd degree perineal laceration
complete disruption between rectum and vestibule. can lead to infertility
indications for bilateral ovariectomy
- behavioral issues
- in embryo transfer recipient mares
- jump mares (for semen collection)
fertility post c section in mares
decreased
best to wait until FOLLOWING season
treatment for pendulous uterus in mares
standing laparoscopic uteropexy (shortens broad ligament/mesometrium)
G.S. treatment for granulosa theca cell tumor
standing laparoscopy (excellent visualization and hemostasis + decreased post op colic/pain)
remove either via
- morcellation/retrieval bag via portal
- flank laparotomy if too big for portal
- ventral midline laparotomy if EXTRA large
Barriers to infection in mare repro
- labia (with constrictor vulvae m)
- vestibular sphincter
- cervix
prognosis for surgical correction of pendulous uterus in mares
excellent; no complications reported
signalment for pendulous uterus in mares
multiparous mares
treament options for retrovestibular fistula
debridement and direct repair
if >2 fingers in diameter -> can convert to 3rd degree laceration and closed
signalment for perineal lacerations/fistulas
PRIMIPAROUS Mares
cause of pendulous uterus in mares
same as pneumo/urovagina; poor perineal conformation/stretching -> inability to clear normal post mating endometritis -> decreased fertility
what causes perineal lacerations/fistulas
new mom has prominent vestibulovaginal sphincter and hymen remnants -> foal’s foot catches on dorsal aspect of vestibulovaginal fold
if noticed and corrected immediately -> forms rectovestibular fistula
if not corrected -> perineal laceration
main risk with standing colpotomy to remove GT tumor
hemorrhage; also accidentally grabbing fecal ball (use US!!)
prognosis for c section in mares
better for mare than foal and depends on how quickly reach referral center.
where is the incision made for standing colpotomy
at 2 ‘oclock in the vagina
most common sign of granulosa cell tumor? what are some other signs?
anestrus
also small contralateral ovary
stallion like behavior
nymphomania
colic, hindlimb lameness (less common)
post op care after repair of 3rd degree perineal laceration
keep feces sot for 3-4 weeks;
sexual rest from natural breeding for 2 months; fertility returns 1 month post op
where to make c section incision in mares
-start 10 cm caudal to umbilicus and extend 30-40 cm cranially
