Equine Sinuses Flashcards
signs of empyema of nasal conchal bulla
usually mucopurulent unilateral malodorous nasal discharge
surgical approaches to the sinuses
sinusotomy:
- trephination
- bone flaps (maxillary vs. frontonasal bone flaps)
sinoscopy
causes of secondary sinusitis
dental disease***, cyst, neoplasia
what divides the dorsal nasal diverticulum from the ventral meatus?
alar fold
how does the ventral choncal sinus drain?
via the conchomaxillary opening into the rostral maxillary sinus
the rostral maxillary sinus drains into the nasomaxillary opening
most common isolate of sinusitis in horses
strep
preferred type of bone flap
frontonasal bone flap
most common tumor of the paranasal sinuses
SCC
signalment for progressive ethmoid hematoma
any age but usually >10 yo
males>females
do the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses communicate?
no
how does the middle conchal sinus drain?
both the middle conchal sinus and the sphenopalatine sinus drain over the infraorbital canal into the caudal maxillary sinus
signalment or paranasal sinus cyst
more common in young but can be any age
which sinuses make up the conchofrontal sinus?
frontal sinus and dorsal conchal sinus
diagnosis of paranasal sinus neoplasia
histo
on CT you’ll see a solid well defined mass with bony destrcution
treatment for empyema of the nasal conchal bulla
FENESTRATE conchal bulla or enlarge draining orifice if already present using nd: YAG laser or long handled instruments
how do the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses drain?
into the nasomaxillary opening (into the middle meatus) via the sinonasal channel
appearance of paranasal sinus neoplasia on CT
solid well defined mass with bony destruction
what divides the nasal conchae?
the nasal conchae are divided into conchae bulla and conchae sinuses by the nasal septum
empyema means…
inspissated pus in a natural diverticulum/blind cavity structure in the body
most common expansile mass in sinsues of horses
paranasal sinus cyst
the middle concal sinus is also called…
ethmoidal sinus
which teeth protrude into the rostral maxillary sinus?
PM4 and M1
treatment for paranasal sinus cyst
surgical excision required because does NOT spontaneously regress
sinusotomy: MUST remove cyst lining
pathogenesis of ethmoid hematoma
idiopathic hemorrhage in submucosa of endoturbinates-> hematoma with fibrous capsule
signs of paranasal sinus neoplasia
- halitosis
- nasal discharge (mucopurulent, serosanginous)
- fascial swelling
- LN enlargement in 80% of cases
what divides the maxillary sinus into medial and lateral compartments?
infraorbital canal
what divides the nasal passage into dorsal, ventral, and middle meatuses?
dorsal and ventral nasal conchae
signs of progressive ethmoid hematoma
usually unilateral
mild intermittent epistaxis that may increase with exercise
+/- abnormal sounds if extends into nasal cavity, malodorous breath from pressure necrosis, obstructed airflow, fascial swelling if extends into sinus
how does the conchofrontal sinus drain?
into the caudal maxillary sinus via the frontomaxillary aperature
treatment for progressive ethmoid hematoma
- 10% formalin injection
- sinusotomy via bone flap or trephination for large masses extending into sinuses
recurrence rate for ethmoid hematomas
40% -> do endoscopic recheck every 6 months
signs of empyema of the nasal conchal bulla
inspissated pus -> mucopurulent unilateral malodorous nasal discharge
