Equine Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

signs of empyema of nasal conchal bulla

A

usually mucopurulent unilateral malodorous nasal discharge

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2
Q

surgical approaches to the sinuses

A

sinusotomy:

  • trephination
  • bone flaps (maxillary vs. frontonasal bone flaps)

sinoscopy

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3
Q

causes of secondary sinusitis

A

dental disease***, cyst, neoplasia

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4
Q

what divides the dorsal nasal diverticulum from the ventral meatus?

A

alar fold

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5
Q

how does the ventral choncal sinus drain?

A

via the conchomaxillary opening into the rostral maxillary sinus

the rostral maxillary sinus drains into the nasomaxillary opening

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6
Q

most common isolate of sinusitis in horses

A

strep

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7
Q

preferred type of bone flap

A

frontonasal bone flap

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8
Q

most common tumor of the paranasal sinuses

A

SCC

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9
Q

signalment for progressive ethmoid hematoma

A

any age but usually >10 yo

males>females

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10
Q

do the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses communicate?

A

no

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11
Q

how does the middle conchal sinus drain?

A

both the middle conchal sinus and the sphenopalatine sinus drain over the infraorbital canal into the caudal maxillary sinus

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12
Q

signalment or paranasal sinus cyst

A

more common in young but can be any age

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13
Q

which sinuses make up the conchofrontal sinus?

A

frontal sinus and dorsal conchal sinus

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14
Q

diagnosis of paranasal sinus neoplasia

A

histo

on CT you’ll see a solid well defined mass with bony destrcution

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15
Q

treatment for empyema of the nasal conchal bulla

A

FENESTRATE conchal bulla or enlarge draining orifice if already present using nd: YAG laser or long handled instruments

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16
Q

how do the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses drain?

A

into the nasomaxillary opening (into the middle meatus) via the sinonasal channel

17
Q

appearance of paranasal sinus neoplasia on CT

A

solid well defined mass with bony destruction

18
Q

what divides the nasal conchae?

A

the nasal conchae are divided into conchae bulla and conchae sinuses by the nasal septum

19
Q

empyema means…

A

inspissated pus in a natural diverticulum/blind cavity structure in the body

20
Q

most common expansile mass in sinsues of horses

A

paranasal sinus cyst

21
Q

the middle concal sinus is also called…

A

ethmoidal sinus

22
Q

which teeth protrude into the rostral maxillary sinus?

A

PM4 and M1

23
Q

treatment for paranasal sinus cyst

A

surgical excision required because does NOT spontaneously regress

sinusotomy: MUST remove cyst lining

24
Q

pathogenesis of ethmoid hematoma

A

idiopathic hemorrhage in submucosa of endoturbinates-> hematoma with fibrous capsule

25
signs of paranasal sinus neoplasia
- halitosis - nasal discharge (mucopurulent, serosanginous) - fascial swelling - LN enlargement in 80% of cases
26
what divides the maxillary sinus into medial and lateral compartments?
infraorbital canal
27
what divides the nasal passage into dorsal, ventral, and middle meatuses?
dorsal and ventral nasal conchae
28
signs of progressive ethmoid hematoma
usually unilateral mild intermittent epistaxis that may increase with exercise +/- abnormal sounds if extends into nasal cavity, malodorous breath from pressure necrosis, obstructed airflow, fascial swelling if extends into sinus
29
how does the conchofrontal sinus drain?
into the caudal maxillary sinus via the frontomaxillary aperature
30
treatment for progressive ethmoid hematoma
- 10% formalin injection | - sinusotomy via bone flap or trephination for large masses extending into sinuses
31
recurrence rate for ethmoid hematomas
40% -> do endoscopic recheck every 6 months
32
signs of empyema of the nasal conchal bulla
inspissated pus -> mucopurulent unilateral malodorous nasal discharge