Castration Flashcards
this emasculator doesn’t stay closed, so often leads to less even tension
white
steps for open castration (4)
- incise scrotum and parietal tunic
- dissect ligament of tail of epididymus
- exteriorize testicle + spermatic cord
- emasculate spermatic cord (***leaves parietal tunic OPEN)
steps for closed castration in horses (6)
1) incise ONLY scrotum: parallel; cranial to caudal; 1 cm from median raphe
2) strip away scrotal fascia + ligament (all CT tissue): towards body wall; meanwhile hold teste with towel clamp
3) emasculate: parietal tunic contents + cremaster together; check that nut is tight + blades opposed; apply emasculator “nut to nut”; no tension/tugging when crushing
4) stretch incision cranial-caudal
5) trim excess fascia
6) second intention healing
standing castration isn’t good for…(4)
- ponies
- donkies
- minis
- hernia
pros of using local block for castration (4)
- decreased BP
- decreased cremaster tension -> decreased chance of bleeding
- anesthesia sparing
- less movement
this emasculator has a separate handle to engage cut
reimer
methods for castrating in ruminants
-bloodless: banding vs. burdizzo
what decreases the survival rate after intestinal eventration post castrastion
inguinal approach only during treatment
true or false: ALL horses post castration have some degree of non-septic peritonitis -> gut tap post castration often shows >100,000 cell count for up to one week
true
signs of nerve damage secondary to castration
paraphimosis
incomplete castration most commonly occurs when…
when only epididymis is removed
this emasculator spins the cord
henderson castration tool
age to castrate horses
1-2 years
a horse post castration shows a gut tap with >100,000 cell count. should you be concerned?
ALL horses post castration have some degree of non-septic peritonitis -> gut tap post castration often shows >100,000 cell count for up to one week
only be concerned if decreased glucose in tap or degenerate neutrophils with intracellular bacteria
treatment for hydrocele secondary to castrastion
remove parietal tunic
open castraion involves incising _______
scrotum AND parietal tunic
scirrhous cord indicates…
chronic septic funiculitis
most common cause of septic funiculitis
staph
How soon will you see changes in TP and PCV if a horse is hemorrhaging post castrastion?
TP decreases after 6 hours
PCV decreases after 12-24 hours
aftercare following castration (3)
- NSAIDs
- hydrotherapy only if needed
- forced exercise to limit swelling
what increases the risk of septic funiculitus?
increased amyloid A (indicates pre-existing infection) prior to castrastion
if a horse has uncontrolled hemorrhage during a castrastion, what should you do?
pack, close, refer
consider antifibrinolytics (aminocaproic acid or formaldehyde)
which types of castration involve incising both the scrotum and parietal tunic?
open and semi closed
these emasculators crush and cut at the same time
- white
- serra
nerve damage during castration usually occurs due to…
when base of penis is mistaken for testes
advantages of recumbent castration
better visualization; safer
anesthesia used for castration
- xylazine + butorphanol
- ketamine or benzo
- local: lidocaine + mepivacaine
signs of septic funiculitis
draining tract, AFEBRILE, NO pain
true or false: you should always place an IV catheter when castrating
true
NSAIDs pre-op for castration
- horses: flunixin meglumine or phenylbutazone
- FA: meloxicam
what to remember about FAs and local blocks?
they’re more sensitive; dilute 0.5-1%
age to castrate FAs
<4 months (younger the better; improves meat quality)
steps for semi closed castration
- incise scrotum AND parietal tunic
2. emasculate spermatic cord AND parietal tunic (-> no cord tissue left behind)
methods for castration in horses (3)
- open
- closed
- semi closed
treatment for intestinal eventration post castrastion
refer
what must you remember about incomplete castrastion?
ALWAYS submit for histo if you think you’re removing a hypoplastic teste to ensure you actually removed it
