Castration Flashcards

1
Q

this emasculator doesn’t stay closed, so often leads to less even tension

A

white

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2
Q

steps for open castration (4)

A
  1. incise scrotum and parietal tunic
  2. dissect ligament of tail of epididymus
  3. exteriorize testicle + spermatic cord
  4. emasculate spermatic cord (***leaves parietal tunic OPEN)
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3
Q

steps for closed castration in horses (6)

A

1) incise ONLY scrotum: parallel; cranial to caudal; 1 cm from median raphe
2) strip away scrotal fascia + ligament (all CT tissue): towards body wall; meanwhile hold teste with towel clamp
3) emasculate: parietal tunic contents + cremaster together; check that nut is tight + blades opposed; apply emasculator “nut to nut”; no tension/tugging when crushing
4) stretch incision cranial-caudal
5) trim excess fascia
6) second intention healing

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4
Q

standing castration isn’t good for…(4)

A
  • ponies
  • donkies
  • minis
  • hernia
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5
Q

pros of using local block for castration (4)

A
  • decreased BP
  • decreased cremaster tension -> decreased chance of bleeding
  • anesthesia sparing
  • less movement
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6
Q

this emasculator has a separate handle to engage cut

A

reimer

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7
Q

methods for castrating in ruminants

A

-bloodless: banding vs. burdizzo

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8
Q

what decreases the survival rate after intestinal eventration post castrastion

A

inguinal approach only during treatment

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9
Q

true or false: ALL horses post castration have some degree of non-septic peritonitis -> gut tap post castration often shows >100,000 cell count for up to one week

A

true

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10
Q

signs of nerve damage secondary to castration

A

paraphimosis

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11
Q

incomplete castration most commonly occurs when…

A

when only epididymis is removed

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12
Q

this emasculator spins the cord

A

henderson castration tool

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13
Q

age to castrate horses

A

1-2 years

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14
Q

a horse post castration shows a gut tap with >100,000 cell count. should you be concerned?

A

ALL horses post castration have some degree of non-septic peritonitis -> gut tap post castration often shows >100,000 cell count for up to one week

only be concerned if decreased glucose in tap or degenerate neutrophils with intracellular bacteria

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15
Q

treatment for hydrocele secondary to castrastion

A

remove parietal tunic

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16
Q

open castraion involves incising _______

A

scrotum AND parietal tunic

17
Q

scirrhous cord indicates…

A

chronic septic funiculitis

18
Q

most common cause of septic funiculitis

19
Q

How soon will you see changes in TP and PCV if a horse is hemorrhaging post castrastion?

A

TP decreases after 6 hours

PCV decreases after 12-24 hours

20
Q

aftercare following castration (3)

A
  • NSAIDs
  • hydrotherapy only if needed
  • forced exercise to limit swelling
21
Q

what increases the risk of septic funiculitus?

A

increased amyloid A (indicates pre-existing infection) prior to castrastion

22
Q

if a horse has uncontrolled hemorrhage during a castrastion, what should you do?

A

pack, close, refer

consider antifibrinolytics (aminocaproic acid or formaldehyde)

23
Q

which types of castration involve incising both the scrotum and parietal tunic?

A

open and semi closed

24
Q

these emasculators crush and cut at the same time

A
  • white

- serra

25
nerve damage during castration usually occurs due to...
when base of penis is mistaken for testes
26
advantages of recumbent castration
better visualization; safer
27
anesthesia used for castration
- xylazine + butorphanol - ketamine or benzo - local: lidocaine + mepivacaine
28
signs of septic funiculitis
draining tract, AFEBRILE, NO pain
29
true or false: you should always place an IV catheter when castrating
true
30
NSAIDs pre-op for castration
- horses: flunixin meglumine or phenylbutazone | - FA: meloxicam
31
what to remember about FAs and local blocks?
they're more sensitive; dilute 0.5-1%
32
age to castrate FAs
<4 months (younger the better; improves meat quality)
33
steps for semi closed castration
1. incise scrotum AND parietal tunic | 2. emasculate spermatic cord AND parietal tunic (-> no cord tissue left behind)
34
methods for castration in horses (3)
- open - closed - semi closed
35
treatment for intestinal eventration post castrastion
refer
36
what must you remember about incomplete castrastion?
ALWAYS submit for histo if you think you're removing a hypoplastic teste to ensure you actually removed it