Fractures of Ulna Flashcards
signalment for fractures of ulna in LAs
predominantly equines not bovines
Type 1 ulna fracture in equines
involves the apophysis Type 1a: along the apophysis (nonarticular) Type 1b articular: starts along apophysis then crosses elbow joint Type 1b nonarticular: starts along apophysis and ends at cranial cortex of olecranon
type 2 ulnar fractures in equines
articular simple fracture through body of olecranon
type 3 ulnar fractures in equines
nonarticular simple fracture through body of oleccranon
both type 2 and type 3 ulnar fractures are fractures through the body of the olecranon. what’s the difference?
type 2 is articular type 3 is nonarticular
type 4 ulnar fractures in equines
can be articular OR nonarticular comminuted fracture of olecranon
which type of ulnar fracture in equines can be articular or nonarticular?
type 4 (comminuted fracture of olecranon)
type 5 ulnar fracture in equines
distal oblique ulnar fracture (articular)
which types of ulnar fractures in equines are articular (4)
-Type 1 b articular: starts along apophysis and crosses into joint -Type 2: simple fracture through body of olecranon -Type 4: can be EITHER articular or nonarticular; comminuted fracture of olecranon -Type 5: distal oblique ulnar fracture
with type of ulnar fracture is a simple fracture through the body of the olecranon and is articular?
type 2 (type 3 is simple NONarticular fracture through body of olecranon)
which type of ulnar fracture is comminuted?
type 4 (can be articular or nonarticular)
which type of ulnar fracture is a distal oblique fracture?
type 5 (articular)
cause of ulnar fractures in equines?
direct trauma or injury during halter training
signs of ulnar fractures in equines?
dropped elbow + flexed carpus
first aid management of ulnar fractures in equines?
FULL limb bandage with CAUDAL splint to fix carpus in extension. ensure adequate padding
surgery for fixing ulnar fractures in equines
open reduction + internal fixation using tension band principle; use wire or plate CAUDAL to olecranon <250 kg can use wire or hook plate >250 kg use plate (DCP, LC-DCP, LCP) in adults ONLY: plate can be screwed into caudal radius for extra stability. NEVER do in foals <1 yr. can -> subluxation of elbow and growth issues
fractures of the olecranon in horses are fixed via open reduction and tension band fixation. in adults you can also screw the plat into the caudal radius for extra stability. why should you NEVER do this in foals?
can cause subluxation of elbow
a horse <250 kg presents for ulna fracture reduction. what are your options?
you can use wire or hook plate for tension band fixation
a horse >250 kg presents for ulna fracture reducion. what are your options?
plate in tension band fixation. CANNOT use wire or hook plate
a horse presents with dropped elbow and flexed carpus. what do you suspect and what are some differentials?
suspect ulnar fracture DDx: humeral fracture, triceps myopathy, radial neuropathy
prognosis for ulnar fractures in horses?
68-87%
