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Ryan's shit list - Step 1 > RSL - Resp > Flashcards

RSL - Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Structures penetrating diaphragm: T8

A

T8: IVC

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2
Q

Structures penetrating diaphragm: T10

A

T10: Esophagus, Vagus

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3
Q

Structures penetrating diaphragm: T12

A

T12: Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygous vein

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4
Q

Common corotid bifurcation

A

C4

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5
Q

Trachea bifurcation

A

T4

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6
Q

Abdominal Aorta bifurcation

A

L4

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7
Q

Costodiaphragmatic margin: Midclavicular

A

8th rib

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8
Q

Costodiaphragmatic margin: Mid axillary

A

10th rib

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9
Q

Costodiaphragmatic margin: Lateral border of vertebral column

A

11/12th rib

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10
Q

Physiological deadspace =

A

Anatomical deadspace + Alveolar deadspace

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11
Q

Minute ventilation =

A

V tidal * RR

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12
Q

Shift from Relaxed to Taut

A

Cl-, H+, CO2, 2,3-BPG, temperature

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13
Q

Shift from Taut to relaxed

A

O2

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14
Q

Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Pattern, reason

A

—iI|||Ii—iI||Ii—

Due to slowed feedback from PaCO2, as well as increased sensitivity to PaCO2

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15
Q

Kaussumaul breathing

A

Large wave. Diabetic ketoacidosis

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16
Q

Vessels: Alveolar pressure vs. Extra Alveolar pressure per volume

A

TLC: High Alveolar vessel pressure / Low Extra-alveolar vessel pressure
RV: Low Alveolar vessel pressure / High Extra-alveolar vessel pressure

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17
Q

Charcot-leyden crystals

A

Eosinophils

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18
Q

Methemoglobin: basis

A

Oxidized form of Hb (Fe3+); does not bind O2 as readily. Increased affinity for cyanide

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19
Q

Methemoglobin: symptoms

A

Cyanosis and chocolate colored blood

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20
Q

Methemoglobinemia: treatment

A

Methylene blue and VItamin C

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21
Q

methemoglobinemia: Causes

A

nitrates and Benzocaine

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22
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin: treatment

A

100% O2

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23
Q

Alveolar gas equation

A

PAO2 = PiO2 - PaCO2/0.8

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24
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance equation

A

V = QR, P(pulmonary artery)-P(left Atrium) = CO*Pulmonary resistance

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25
Q

Shunt

A

Low V/Q

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26
Q

Deadspace

A

High V/Q

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27
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

CO2 bound to Hb –> Taut state

28
Q

Majority of CO2 in blood is in which form

A

HCO3- in plasma

29
Q

Homan sign

A

Dorsiflexion of the food –> pain

30
Q

Lines of Zahn

A

Alternating platelets and fibrin (pale) and rbcs (red). Only found in thrombi before death

31
Q

Osmium tetroxide

A

Stain for Fat emboli

32
Q

Triad of fat embolism:

A

Hypoxemia, neurological disturbance, rash

33
Q

Diagnosis of PE

A

CT pulmonary angiography for filling defects

34
Q

Reid index

A

Thickness of gland layer / Thickness of bronchial wall (>50%)

35
Q

Barrel-shaped chest

36
Q

Curschman spirals

A

Shed epithelium forms whorled mucus plugs

37
Q

Restrictive lung disease: A-a gradient

A

Normal in: Poor breathing mechanics (extrapulmonary, hypoventilation)
increased in: Interstitial lung diseases (decreased diffusing capacity)

38
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis:

A

mixed type III/IV hypersensitivity reaction to environmental antigen (alveolar)

39
Q

Caplan syndrome

A

rheumatoid arthritis with pneumoconiosis with intrapulmonary nodules

40
Q

Asbestos: location

A

lower lobes (supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques)

41
Q

Asbestos: Histology

A

Ferruginous bodies: golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumb bells

42
Q

Berylliosis: Histology

A

Non-caseating granuloma (responds to corticosteroids)

43
Q

Berylliosis: career

44
Q

Anthracosis

A

asymptomatic condition in urban dwellers exposed to sooty air

45
Q

Silicosis: career

A

Sandblasting

46
Q

Silicosis: histology

A

Egg shell calcification on hilar lymph nodes

47
Q

Scilicosis: lobes?

48
Q

Berylliosis: lobes?

49
Q

Coal-workers pneumoconiosis: lobes?

50
Q

Scilicosis: Sequellae

A

TB infection or bronchogenic carcinoma

51
Q

Lung particle clearance: >10µm

A

Trachea trapped

52
Q

Lung particle clearance: 2.5 - 10µm

A

Mucocilliary transport

53
Q

Lung particle clearance:

A

Phagocytosis

54
Q

Neonatal RDS: Sequelae

A

RIB: Therapeutic O2–> Retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, Bronchopulmonary displasia
Low O2 –> PDA, necrotizing enterocolitis

55
Q

N RDS: risk factors

A

Prematurity, C-Section, maternal diabetes

56
Q

N RDS amniotic diagnosis:

A

Lecithin;sphingomyelin ratio

57
Q

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

A

Hypoventilation during sleep –> CO2 retention during day

58
Q

Pulmonary HTN: Idiopathic - mutation>

A

inactivating mutation in BMPR2 gene (normally -| smooth muscle proliferation)

59
Q

MCC of Lobar pneumonia

A

S. pneumoniae, Legionella, Klebsiella

60
Q

MCC of bronchopneumonia

A

S pneumonia, S. aureus, H. influenza,

61
Q

MCC of atypical (interstitial) pneumoniae

A

Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, viruses (Flu, CMV, RSV, adenovirus), Legionella

62
Q

Lobar pneumonia:

A

Intra-alveolar exudate –> consolidation. Entire lobe involvement

63
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Bronchioles and adjacent alveoli involved. >1 lobe, patch involvement

64
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

Inflammation restricted to interstitium, >1 lobepatchy involvement. Walking pneumonia

65
Q

Small Cell CA: Paraneoplastic -

A

Paraneoplastic: ACTH, SIADH, Lambert Eaton, Paraneoplastic myelitis/encephalitis

66
Q

Small cell CA: Cell origin

A

Neuroendocrine Kulchitsky cells (small dark blue cells). From bronchi.

67
Q

Small Cell CA: stain

A

chromogrammin positive

Ryan's shit list - Step 1 (27 decks)

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