RSL - Haem - Cancer Flashcards
Multiple myeloma: symptoms
CRAB: Hyper calcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone pain
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Hyperplastic marrow with pancytopenia (megaloblastic hematopoesis). Also no hepatosplenomegaly
3 myeloid Neoplasm types
- Acute myeloid leukemias (stopped at blast)
- Myeloproliferative disorders (terminal diff.)
- Myelodysplastic disorders (disorganized Terminal diff)
ALL - age
ALL - T-cell presentation
Thymic mass in teenager (lymphoma)
ALL - T-cell marker
CD2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ,8 (pre-T cell tumor)
ALL - General markers
TdT+ (pre-T/B cells), CD10 (pre-B cell only)
ALL - Good prognosis translocation
t(12;21)
ALL - B-cell presentation
Leukemia (pre-B-cell tumor)
ALL - t(12;21)
B-Cell, kids, good prognosis
ALL - t(9;22)
B-cell, adults, poor prognosis
ALL - Association
Down syndrome
ALL - Metastasis
Brain and testes
SLL/CLL - age
> 60
SLL/CLL - Cells/markers?
B-cell, CD20+, CD5+ (aberrantly expressed)
SLL/CLL - Histology of peripheral smear?
smudge cells
SLL/CLL - Associations
Hemolytic anemia (if B-cells produce Ab)
SLL/CLL - SLL vs. CLL
CLL = increased peripheral blood lymphocytosis or bone marrow involvement (>4000cells/µL)
SLL/CLL - complications
Transformation to LBCL
Hairy cell leukemia - age
adults / elderly
Hairy cell leukemia - cells?
mature B-cells
Hairy cell leukemia - Histology?
filamentous hair like projections. Stains with TRAP
Hairy cell leukemia - complications?
Marrow fibrosis –> dry tap
Hairy cell leukemia - extra BM?
splenomegaly, no lymphadenopathy
Hairy cell leukemia - treatment
2-CDA (cladribine)
AML - age
~65
AML - Histology?
Auer rods: MPO + cytoplasmic inclusions seen mostly in M3 AML. Also increased myeloblasts on peripheral smear
AML - Risk factors
Alkylating chemotherapy, radiation, myeloproliferative disorders, down syndrome
AML - Complications
DIC
CML - age
45-85
CML - cell?
myeloid stem cell
CML - splenomegaly?
yes
CML - complications?
transition to AML or ALL (blast crisis)
CML - LAP score
low
CML - treatment
imatinib
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - age
child
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - presentation
lytic bone lesions and skin rash or recurren otitis media with a mass involving mastoid
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - Cells?
T-cells
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - Markers?
S100 (mesodermal origin) and CD1a
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - Histology
Birbeck granules
Polycythemia vera - mutation
Jak2
Polycythemia vera - symptoms
intense itching after shower (basophils)
erythromelegia
severe burning pain and red-blue discoloration in Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera - symptoms:
Blurry vision, headache, splenomegaly, venous thrombosis, flushed face, peptic ulceration
Essential thrombocytosis - symptoms
bleeding, thrombosis
Essential thrombocytosis - Complications
DOES NOT: cause marrow fibrosis, acute leukemia, or hyperuricemia like others
Myelofibrosis - diesease process
increased fibroblasts in response to increased monoclonal cell lines.
Myelofibrosis - histology
tear drop cells
Myelofibrosis - symptoms
Massive splenomegaly dt/ extramedullary hematopoeisis
Polycythemia vera - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
High, high, high
Essential thrombocytosis - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
normal, normal, normal
Myelofibrosis - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
Low, variable, variable
CML - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
Low, high, high
Reed-sternberg cell origin
CD15+, CD30+, B-cell origin
Hodgkin lymphoma - Prognostic factors
High % lymphocytes = Better prognosis
Burkitts lymphoma - Jaw lesion
Endemic form in africa
Burkitts lymphoma - Pelvis / abdomen
Sporatic form
Mantle cell lymphoma marker
CD5+
Mycosis fungoides
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (skin patches/plaques)
Sezary syndrome
T-cell leukemia
Marginal zone lymphoma
Hashimotos, sjogrens, H. pylori (maltoma)
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma - c-myc : Ig Heavy chain (transcription factor)
t(9;22)
CML, AML - BCR : ABL (tyrosine kinase)
t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma - Cyclin D : IgH
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma - IgH : Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic molecule)
t(15;17)
AML (M3) - PML/RARalpha : All-trans-retinoid acid (inhibition of myeloblasts)
