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Ryan's shit list - Step 1 > RSL - Cardio > Flashcards

RSL - Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Bulbus cordis

A

Smooth parts of left and right ventricles

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2
Q

Primative pulmonary vein

A

smooth part of left atrium

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3
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus

A

Smooth part of right atrium

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4
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus

A

Coronary sinus

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5
Q

Valve development

A

A/P: endocardial cushions of outflow tract M/T: fused endocardial cushions of AV canal

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6
Q

Allantois –> urachus –>

A

Median umbilical ligament

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7
Q

Ubilical arteries –>

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

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8
Q

Umbilical vein

A

LIgamentum teres hepatis (contained in falciform ligament)

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9
Q

Aortic stenosis radiation

A

to corotids

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10
Q

Pulsus parvus et tardus

A

Aortic stenosis

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11
Q

Mitral regurg radiation

A

Axilla

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12
Q

Tricuspid regurg radiation

A

right sternal border

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13
Q

Hyperdynamic pulse / bounding

A

Aortic regurg

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14
Q

Quinkes

A

Aortic regurg

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15
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

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16
Q

continuous machine gun murmor

A

PDA

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17
Q

Left infraclavicular area

A

PDA

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18
Q

J Joint

A

Junction between end of QRS and beginning of ST segment

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19
Q

Speed of conduction: (atria, AV, purkinje, Ventricles)

A

Purkinje > Atria > Ventricles > AV node

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20
Q

Speed of Pace makers: SA, AV, Bundle of His/purkinje/ventricles

A

SA>AV>Bundle of His/purkinje/ventricles

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21
Q

Conduction pathway after AV node:

A

Common bundles –> Bundle branches –> fascicles –> purkinje fibers –> ventricles

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22
Q

Blood supply to AV node

A

RCA, located in the posteroinferior part of interatrial septum

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23
Q

Romano-Ward syndrome

A

AD, Congenital long QT syndrome (pure cardio phenotype)

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24
Q

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

A

AR, Congenital Long QT syndrome (Sensorineural deafness)

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25
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

AD, Asian males, ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3. Increased risk of V-tach, and SCD Treat: implantable defibrillator

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26
Q

Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

A

MCC of ventricular pre-excitation syndrome. Atria –>Bundle of kent –> ventricles –> characteristic delta wave with widened QRS complex and shortened PR interval Complications: Re-entry circuit –> supraventricular tachycardia

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27
Q

Cushing reaction:

A

Triad of Systolic HTN, Bradycardia, Respiratory irregularity Phase 1: Increased ICP –> constricted arterioles –> cerebral ischemia –> increased pCO2 / H+ –> reflex increased sympathetics –> Increased cardiac output / vasoconstriction Phase 2: Increased CO –> aortic arch –> reflex PSNS –> brady cardia (Also; Mechanical pressure on vagus –> PSNS)

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28
Q

Prostacyclin: Platelet aggregation, vaso___, vascular permeabilty, Leukocytes

A

increased Platelet aggregation, vasodilation, increased vascular permeabilty, Leukocytes chemotaxis

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29
Q

Prostacyclin physiological antagonist

A

TXA2

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30
Q

Alcohol exposure (anomalies):

A

VSD, ASD, PDA, Tetralogy of Fallot

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31
Q

Congenital rubella (Cardiac anomolies):

A

Septal defects, PDA, pulmnoary artery stenosis

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32
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): Down syndrome

A

ASD, VSD

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33
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): Diabetic mother

A

Transposition of great vessels

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34
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): Marfan/Ehlers Danlos

A

MVP, Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, aortic regurgitation

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35
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): Prenatal lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (moved tricuspid)

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36
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): Turner syndrome

A

Bicuspid aorta, coarctation of aorta

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37
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): Williams syndrome

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

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38
Q

(Cardiac anomolies): 22q11

A

Truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot

39
Q

Hypertensive urgency

A

BP > 180 / >120

40
Q

Corneal arcus

A

Lipid deposit in cornea (hypercholesterolemia)

41
Q

Arteriolosclerosis (which vessels)

A

Small arteries

42
Q

Mönckeberg (medial calcific sclerosis)

A

medium-sized arteries.

Calcification of elastic lamina of arteries.

Vascular stiffening with out obstruction.

Pipestream appearance on X-Ray.

Does not obstruct blood flow

43
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm risk factors

A

Associated with Atherosclerosis; (increased age, smoking, male, family history

44
Q

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm risk factors

A

Associated with Cystic medial degeneration; (HTN, bicuspid aortic valve, connective tissue disease, syphillis)

45
Q

Stanford type A dissection

A

involves ascending aorta

46
Q

Stanford Type B dissection

A

does not involve ascending aorta

47
Q

Stable angina ST segment

A

depression

48
Q

Variant (prinzmetal) angina ST segment

A

Transient elevation

49
Q

Variant (prinzmetal) angina triggers

A

Smoking, cocaine, triptans, unknown

50
Q

ST elevation indicates damage to?

A

Transmural

51
Q

ST depression indicates damage to?

A

Subendocardium

52
Q

MI complications

A

Arrythmia, cardiogenic shock, HF

53
Q

MI complications 1day - 3days

A

Postinfarct fibrinous pericarditis

54
Q

MI complications ~10days

A

Free wall rupture –> cardiac tamponade Papillary muscle rupture –> mitral regurg Interventricular septum rupture Ventricular pseudoaneurysm

55
Q

MI complications >2weeks

A

Dressler syndrome, HF, ventricular aneurysm (mural thrombus)

56
Q

Leads V1-2

A

Anteroseptal (LAD)

57
Q

Leads V3-4

A

Anteroapical (distal LAD)

58
Q

Leads V5-6

A

Anterolateral (LAD or LCX)

59
Q

I, aVL

A

Lateral (LCX)

60
Q

II, III, aVF

A

Inferior (RCA)

61
Q

V1

A

Right ventricle

62
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy - etiologies

A

Idiopathic/familial, Alcohol, wet Beriberi, Coxsackie B virus, Chronic Cocaine, Chagas, Doxorubicin, Sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, peripartum

63
Q

Eccentric hypertrophy associations

A

Volume overload, decreased contractility, increased compliance

64
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy - findings

A

HF, S3, systolic regurgitant murmur, dilated heart, arrythmias

65
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Findings

A

S4, systolic murmur (functional aortic stenosis), possibly mitral regurg

66
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy - etiologies

A

Sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, hemachromatosis, Loeffler syndrome, postradiation fibrosis, endocardial fibroelastosis

67
Q

Pulse associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Bisferiens

68
Q

Systolic dysfunction is characterized by:

A

Decreased contractibility

69
Q

Diastolic dysfunction is characterized by:

A

Decreased compliance

70
Q

Reverse Bernheim

A

Right heart –> left heart failure

71
Q

Initial insult: Hypovolemic shock

A

Decreased CVP

72
Q

Initial insult: Cardiogenic / obstructive

A

Decreased CO

73
Q

Initial insult: Distributive

A

Decreased SVR

74
Q

Roth Spots

A

round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage

75
Q

Osler nodes

A

Raised tender lesions on finger or toe pads

76
Q

janeway lesions

A

Small painless, erethemaous lesions on palm or sole

77
Q

Bacterial endocarditis - S. aureus:

A

Acute onset; Large vegetations on previously normal valves

78
Q

Bacterial endocarditis - S. viridans:

A

Subacute; small vegetations on abnormal or diseased valves

79
Q

Bacterial endocarditis - S. Bovis

A

Colon cancer

80
Q

Bacterial endocarditis - S. epidermidis

A

prosthetic valves

81
Q

Bacterial endocarditis - IV drug use

A

Tricuspid; S. aureus, pseudomonas, Candida

82
Q

Libbman sacks endocarditis

A

Bacterial vegetations on both sides of mitral valve

83
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

granuloma with giant cells

84
Q

Anitschkow cells

A

Enlarged macrophages with ovoid, wavy, rod-like nucleus

85
Q

Rheumatic fever (major criteria)

A

JONES Joints Carditis Nodules in skin Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea

86
Q

Acute pericarditis ECG changes

A

ST elevation / PR depression

87
Q

Beck triad

A

hypotension, distended neck veins, distant heart sounds

88
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

COPD, Asthma, cardiac tamponade, Constrictive pericarditis, Obstructive sleep apnea, croup

89
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

Paradoxical increase in JVP on inspiration (constricive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomegaly, right atrial or ventricular tumors, tricuspid stenosis)

90
Q

Pericardial knock

A

More accentuated version of S3 heard earlier in constrictive pericarditis

91
Q

Torsades de pointes

Causes

A

low K+, Mg+, drugs

92
Q

ANP: what stimulates release?

A

Increased volume and pressure

93
Q

BNP: what stimulates release?

A

tension

94
Q

PR depression

A

Acute pericarditis

Ryan's shit list - Step 1 (27 decks)

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