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Ryan's shit list - Step 1 > RSL - Endocrine > Flashcards

RSL - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst: (diff from cervical sinus)

A

midline, moves with swallowing

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2
Q

GLUT 1:

A

Insulin independent: RBCs, Brain, Cornea

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3
Q

GLUT 2:

A

Insulin independent: beta islet cells, liver, kidney, small intestine

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4
Q

GLUT 3:

A

Insulin independent: brain

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5
Q

GLUT 4:

A

Insulin de-pendent: Striated muscle, adipose tissue

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6
Q

GLUT 5:

A

Insulin independent: Spermatocytes, GI tract

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7
Q

Ghrelin

A

Stimulates hunger, GH release. Produced by stomach. Increased in Prader-willi

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8
Q

Leptin

A

Satiety hormone: produced by fat cells

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9
Q

GLucocorticoid indusced myopathy

A

Proximal muscle weakness, atrophy without pain, Normal CK

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10
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Cramps, pain, parasthesia, carpopedal spasm

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11
Q

PTH: how increase Ca+ kidney

A

DCT

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12
Q

PTH: how decrease PO4- kidney

A

PCT

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13
Q

PTH: how increase Vit D kidney

A

Stimulates 1-alpha hydroxylase in PCT

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14
Q

PTH: how increase Ca++ from bone

A

Signals increase MCSF and RANK-L –> osteoclasts reabsorbing Ca++

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15
Q

Factors that increase TBG

A

OCP (estrogen), Pregnancy

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16
Q

Factors that decrease TBG

A

Liver failure, Steroids

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17
Q

Thyroid peroxidase action (3)

A

Oxidation of I-, organification of iodide, Coupling MIT and DIT

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18
Q

Metyrapone

A

Blocks last step in cortisol synthesis: 11-deoxycorisol –> cortisol

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19
Q

Adrenal insufficiency: when is aldosterone function retained

A

Secondary/tertiary

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20
Q

neurblastoma: Histology

A

Homer wright rosettes

21
Q

Neuroblastoma: presentation vs Wilms

A

Firm, irregular, mass that can cross the midline

22
Q

Neuroblastoma: Associated symptoms

A

Opsoclonus, myoclonus syndrome

23
Q

Neuroblastoma: Urine

A

Homovanillic acid (dopamine), and VMA (norepinephrine)

24
Q

Neuroblastoma: Markers

A

Bombesin and enolase positive

25
Q

Neuroblastoma: Gene

26
Q

Hypo vs hyperthyroidism hair

A

hypo: brittle, Hyper: fine

27
Q

Hashimotos HLA association

28
Q

Hashimotos complication

A

Non-hodgkins lymphoma: marginal zone B cell lymphomao

29
Q

hashimotos histology

A

Hurthle cells; large lymphoid aggregate with germinal centers

30
Q

COngenital hypothyroidism: symptoms

A

pot-bellies, poor brain development, protruberant tongue and umbilicus, puffy faced, pale

31
Q

Reidel thyroiditis:

A

local manifestation of IgG4 related systemic disease

32
Q

Riedal thyroiditis: Symptoms

A

Round, firm, painless goiter

33
Q

Qe Quirvains: symptoms

A

Very tender thyroid, jaw pain, elevated ESR (dt. flu like disease)

34
Q

Toxic multinodular goiter

A

Iodine def –> T3/4 production independent of TSH

35
Q

Jod-Basedow phenomenon

A

Thyrotoxicosis if patient with I- defeciency goiter is given I-

36
Q

Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Histology

A

Empty appearing nuclei with central clearing (Orphan annie nuclei; overlapping with finely dispersed chromatin), psammoma bodies, nuclear grooves

37
Q

Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: mutations

A

RET and BRAF

38
Q

Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Pre-disposing conditions

A

Irradiation

39
Q

Chvostek sign

A

tapping on cheek (hypocalcemia)

40
Q

Trousseau sign

A

occlusion of brachial artery (hypocalcemia)

41
Q

Empty sella syndrome

A

Atrophy or compression of pituitary, often idiopathic, common in obese women

42
Q

Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma

A

Glucosuria –> life threatening diuresis

43
Q

Diabetes HLA association

44
Q

Glucagonoma symptoms

A

Dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythema), Diabetes, (hyperglycemia), DVT, and depression

45
Q

Whipple’s triad

A

Hypoglycemia, symptoms of hypoglycemia, recovery after normalization of glucose symptoms.

46
Q

Complications of Carcinoid tumor

A

Right sided heart valvular disease, pellagra`

47
Q

MEN 1 gene

A

MEN1; menin, a tumor suppressor

48
Q

MEN 2 gene

A

RET: receptor tyrosine kinase

Ryan's shit list - Step 1 (27 decks)

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