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Med Micro Boards > RNA Viruses > Flashcards

RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

all RNA virus are __ stranded except __

A

single stranded

except Reo/rota group which is double stranded

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2
Q

all negative single stranded RNA viruses are ___ and ___

A

helical and enveloped

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3
Q

what are the 3 naked RNA viruses

A

Calici, Pico, and Reo RNA viruses

CPR

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4
Q

all hepatitis viruses are __ except which?

A

RNA

except hepatitis B - which is DNA

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5
Q

all hepatitis viruses are spread by ___ except which?

and how are they spread?

A

oral fecal route

except B and C - spread by sex, blood transfusions, or IV drugs

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6
Q

what do hepatitis viruses cause

A 
jaundice 
fever 
anorexia 
vomiting 
tender hepatomegaly
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7
Q

what virus causes hepatitis C

A

Flavivirus

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8
Q

what is the most common transmission of hepatitis C

A

IV drug use and tattoos - 40%

sex and blood transfusion - 20% f

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9
Q

what is hepatitis C characterized by

A

carrier state
cirrhosis
primary hepatocellular carcinoma**

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10
Q

what virus causes hepatitis A

A

Picornavirus

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11
Q

how is hepatitis A transmitted

A

oral-anal route

oral-fecal route

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12
Q

what causes hepatitis D

A

hepatitis B infection

hepatitis D is defective unless accompanied with hepatitis B infection

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13
Q

what virus causes hepatitis E

A

calicivirus

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14
Q

how is hepatitis E transmitted

A

oral-anal route
oral-fecal route
(traveling)

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15
Q

human immunodeficiency virus is caused by what

A

retrovirus - lentivirus subfamily

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16
Q

how is HIV transmitted

A

sex and blood transfusion

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17
Q

how does HIV lead to AIDS

A

the retrovirus destroys the CD4 T helper cells

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18
Q

what are the four stages of HIV/AIDS

A

flu like illness - acute

feeling fine - latent

falling CD4 T cell count causes recurrent oppurtunistic infections (such as cryptococcus meningitis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, candidiasis, cryptosporidium diarrhea)

pneumocysitis jiroveci pneumonia - final crisis

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19
Q

what are other names from measles

A

rubeola or 1st disease

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20
Q

what virus causes measles

A

paramyxovirus

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21
Q

how is measles spread

A

aerosol droplets

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22
Q

what does measles cause

A

koplik spots - white lesion surrounded by red ring around buccal mucousa

coryza - inflammation of mucous membrane in nose

conjunctivitis

maculopapular erythematous rash

syncytia - giant multinucleated cells

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23
Q

what virus causes mumps

A

paramyxovirus

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24
Q

how is mumps transmitted

A

direct contact and aerosol droplets

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25
Q

what does mumps cause

A

parotitis - parotid gland enlargement*
pancreatitis
orchitis (inflammation of testicle)

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26
Q

what are other terms for Rubella

A

german measles
or
3rd disease

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27
Q

what virus causes rubella

A

togavirus - rubivirus specifically

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28
Q

how is rubella transmitted

A

aerosol droplets

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29
Q

what does rubella cause

A

sore throat
cervical lymphadenopathy
maculopapular erythematous rash

congenital infection in kids in first 10 weeks

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30
Q

what virus causes influenza

A

orthomyxovirus

31
Q

what does influenza cause

A

fever
sorethroat
severe myalgia

32
Q

what virus causes the common cold in adults and gastroenteritis in infants

A

coronavirus

33
Q

how is common cold transmitted

A

aerosol droplets

34
Q

what does the common cold cause

A

fever
sorethroat
runny eyes
runny nose

35
Q

what virus causes a upper respiratory tract infection

A

rhinovirus of picornavirus family

36
Q

what does URTI cause

A

runny eyes
nose
sorethroat
fever

37
Q

what virus causes the infant disease known as croup

A

parainfluenza virus - paramyxovirus

38
Q

what does croup cause

A

braking cough
stridor - whistling on breathing
hoarseness

39
Q

what virus causes childhood dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

A

coxsackie virus of the picoRNA family

40
Q

what virus causes rabies

A

rhabdovirus

41
Q

what is present in brain tissue in a rabies patient

A

negri bodies

42
Q

what shape is the rhabdo virus that causes rabies

A

bullet shaped

43
Q

how is rabies transmitted

A

raccoons, bats, and skunk bites are more common in US than dog bites

44
Q

what does rabies cause

A 
hydrophobia 
dysphagia 
agitation 
paralysis 
coma
45
Q

what virus causes poliomyelitis

A

picornavirus

46
Q

what does poliomyelitis cause

A

flaccid muscle paralysis (LMN sign)

due to destruction of ventral or anterior horn cell damage

47
Q

what does “ARBO” mean in the term ARBO viruses

A

arthropod borne

48
Q

what are ARBO viruses caused by?
arthropods obviously, but what virus specifically?
exceptions?

A

flavivirus (w and ve encephalitis toga ??)

except california encephalitis which is bunya virus

49
Q

what are 4 ARBO viruses

A 
DEWY 
dengue fever 
encephalitis 
west nile fever 
yellow fever
50
Q

how is encephalitis causing viruses spread? what vector?

A

mosquitos

51
Q

what are the 3 different kinds of encephalitis?

what are the viruses that cause them?

A

western encephalitis - flavivirus /togavirus ??
venezuelan equine encephalitis - flavivirus /toga ??
california encephalitis - bunya virus

52
Q

what virus causes yellow fever?

and what is its vector

A

flavivirus

aedes aegypti mosquito

(note: same vector and virus as dengue fever but different symptoms - no jaundice)

53
Q

what are the symptoms of yellow fever

A

fever and juandice

54
Q

what virus causes west nile fever?

and what is its vector?

A

flavivirus

cullex pipiens mosquito

55
Q

what virus causes dengue fever?

and what is its vector?

A

flavivirus

aedes aegypti mosquito

(note: same vector and virus as yellow fever but different symptoms - jaundice)

56
Q

what are the 4 categories of RNA viruses

A

positive sense
negative sense
ambisense
double stranded

57
Q

which RNA virus is acid labile

A

rhinovirus

58
Q

what virus is the leading cause of the common cold

A

rhinovirus

coronavirus

59
Q

SARS stands for what

associated with what virus

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

coronavirus

60
Q

norwalk virus is what kind of virus

A

calicivirus

61
Q

how does someone get infected by norwalk virus

A

contaminated food

fecal oral route

62
Q

what does norwalk virus cause

A

gastroenteritis

63
Q

what is another term for breakbone fever

A

dengue fever

64
Q

which virus has club shaped surface projections that give its appearance

A

coronavirus

65
Q

how is yellow and dengue fever transmitted to humans

A

monkeys to mosquitos to humans

66
Q

what fever/virus causes eosinophilic hyaline masses called councilman bodies in the infected liver cells

A

yellow fever - ARBOvirus

67
Q

what is the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in the US

A

west nile virus

68
Q

echoviruses are what type of viruses

A

picornavirus

69
Q

echoviruses cause what

A

meningitis, skin rash, heart disease

70
Q

what viruses contain hemagglutinin neuraminidase

A

paramyxoviruses

71
Q

what type of virus is ebola virus

A

filovirus

72
Q

what does ebola cause

A

african hemorrhagic fever then death

73
Q

what is caused by a negative reaction to aspirin when taken for a viral infection such as influenza

A

reyes syndrome

causes fatty liver and encephalopathy

74
Q

influenza contains what specifically that makes it necessary to vaccine yearly

A

antigenic shift or drift

drift - small mutation
shift - big mutation

causes flu so thats why we take vaccine yearly

Med Micro Boards (35 decks)

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