Bacteria Cell Morphology

Question 1

thick peptidoglycan layer surrounding cell membrane

Answer 1

gram positive

Question 2

thin peptidoglycan layer surrounding cell membrane

Answer 2

gram negative

Question 3

stains purple or blue

Answer 3

gram positive

Question 4

contains outer membrane that surrounds peptidoglycan layer

Answer 4

gram negative

Question 5

contains lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane that acts as endotoxin

Answer 5

gram negative

Question 6

stains pink or red

Answer 6

gram negative

Question 7

what aids in motility and acts as virulence factor

Answer 7

flagella

Question 8

what acts as adherence factors and also serves as virulence factor

Answer 8

pili or fimbriae

Question 9

what acts as transferrable units that transfer plasmids from one bacteria to another

Answer 9

sex pili

Question 10

what is the protective wall surrounding some gram + and - bacteria

Answer 10

capsule

Question 11

what acts as virulence factor and impedes phagocytosis

Answer 11

capsule

Question 12

what two gram + bacteria contain endospores

Answer 12

bacillus and clostridium*

Question 13

what functions as protective unit that resists heat, drying, and disinfectants

Answer 13

endospores

this is why they are hard to kill and that is why C. diff is prevalent in hospital setting

Question 14

what are extracellular proteins released from both gram + and - bacteria

Answer 14

exotoxin

Question 15

what do endotoxins do

Answer 15

induce production of antibodies

Question 16

what are the different kinds of endotoxins

Answer 16

enterotoxins - GI
neurotoxins - nerves
pyrogenic - cause fever and rash

Question 17

what kinds of bacteria produce exotoxins

Answer 17

+ and -

Question 18

what kinds of bacteria produce endospores

Answer 18

+

specifically bacillus and clostridium

Question 19

endotoxins are found in what kinds of bacteria

Answer 19

negative only 
(one exception - listeria monocytogenes)

Question 20

endotoxins are found where in gram negative bacteria

Answer 20

cell wall

specifically in the lipopolysaccharide layer

Question 21

whats the general reaction to an endotoxin

Answer 21

fever and chills

Question 22

what is a better inducer of antibody production

endo or exotoxin

Answer 22

exotoxin

Question 23

are endospores protective, reproductive, or both

Answer 23

only protective

Question 24

what is the function of the endospore

Answer 24

resists heat, drying, and disinfectants

Question 25

what is the only gram negative bacteria that does not contain a endotoxin

Answer 25

listeria monocytogenes

Question 26

what is the shape of a diplococcus

Answer 26

coffee bean shape

Question 27

bacteria replicate how

Answer 27

binary fission

asexual reproduction