Organism Blood and Skin Tests Flashcards
streptococcus pyogenes produces toxins called __ and __ which are responsible for the B hemolytic pattern of hemolysis on the blood agar
streptolysin O and S
what bacteria produces streptolysin O and S
streptococcus pyogenes
which toxin ( streptolysin O or S) stimulates the production of antibodies
streptolysin O
streptolysin O is seen in the blood in what diseases
rheumatic fever
streptococcal infection
post strep glomerulonephritis
what tests should be performed to identify streptococcal infection
what # indicates infection
anti streptolysin O titer
> 160 todd units
what test is uses to distinguish hemolytic anemia, Rhesus factor, and erythroblastosis fetalis in Rhesus (-)negative mothers
HER
coombs test
what diseases or markers does coombs test identify
hemolytic anemia
erythroblastosis fetalis in Rh negative mother
rhesus factor
what does ELISA stand for
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
what test identifies the diseases HIV and lyme disease in serum
ELISA
what does the ELISA test help us identify in serum
HIV and lyme disease
ELISA is a __ test but not __ because of false positives
sensitive but not specific
what does FTA-ABS stand for
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test
what serum test is used to “confirm” syphilis
FTA-ABS test
when is FTA-ABS positive
positive when infection is present
and
remains positive long after the syphilis is treated
what does FTA-ABS test for
syphilis
what is a special serum test for chlamydia organisms
ligase chain reaction
ligase chain reaction is a variation of what test
nucleic acid amplification test
what test would we use to identify chlamydia in serum
ligase chain reaction
what test is used to detect leprosy in serum
mitsuda test
how is mitsuda test performed
intradermal injection of lepromin
reaction in skin at site of injection indicates + for mycobacterium leprae
what test uses sheep red blood cells
paul bunnel test
what is paul bunnel test used to detect
mononucleosis
what does RPR stand for
rapid plasmid reagin
what is RPR test used for
blood screening test for syphilis
what does VDRL stand for
venereal diagnostic research lab
what is VDRL test used for
blood test screening test for syphilis
when is VDRL positive in the serum
positive when syphilis is present
negative when syphilis is successfully treated
when screening syphilis, if ___ is positive and the ___ is negative, it is probably a FALSE POSITIVE
VDRL +
FRA-ABS -
then false positive
what are the causes of a false positive VDRL
VDRLS viral infections - mono and hepatitis durgs rheumatic fever leprosy SLE
how is the weils felix test performed
patients serum mixed with proteus antigens
if patient has antibodies to rickettsia, then antibodies will react with proteus antigens and cause aggluntination of red blood cells
when is weils felix test positive?
when is it negative?
positive if patient has rickettsia
negative if patient has coxiella infection
what test is used to confirm HIV after a + ELISA
western blot
what two tests would you perform for HIV
ELISA first to screen
then western blot to confirm
what does western blot test for in blood?
tests viral protein fragments
what are the 3 blot tests and what do they test for
western - viral protein fragments
southern - DNA
northern - RNA
which test is highly specific for HIV and is used to rule IN or CONFIRM the disease
western blot
what is test is used to detect typhoid fever
widal test
what does widal test detect in blood
typhoid fever
what is kveim skin test used to detect
sarcoidosis
what is the test for sarcoidosis
kveim skin test
how is kveim skin test performed
injection of sarcoidosis into patient
skin reaction should occur 4-6 weeks after injection showing non caseous granulomas
What is the name of the test for TB
mantoux or heaf or tine test
what does mantoux/heaf/tine test indicate
TB infection
how is mantoux/heaf/tine test performed
intradermal injection of PPD or purified protein derivative from TB bacillus
what is a positive skin test for TB
mantoux/heaf/tine test
mark > 10mm indicates TB
what test is used to identify H pylori
urea splitting bacteria
what does the urea splitting bacteria test for
H pylori
proteus mirabilis
klebsiella pneumonia
what are the 3 bacteria that secrete urease
H pylori
proteus mirabilis
klebsiella pneumonia
what does urease enzyme do
breaks down urea into ammonia and CO2
what does ammonia do to the stomach
neutralizes the HCL in the stomach preventing gastric acid from destroying the bacteria which allows them to multiply and proliferate causing gastritis and ulcers
what bacteria contains urease that creates an alkaline environment in the urine and promotes the precipitation of struvite stones
proteus mirabilis
what bacteria is associated with struvite stones in urine
proteus mirabilis
what is a biological assay that assesses the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds
ames test
what bacteria does ames test use during the test to indicate if the chemicals are causing mutagenic changes
salmonella typhimurium
what does a positive ames test indicate
the chemical has the potential to cause mutation in genes and may be considered carcinogenic
what is the german word for swelling
quellung
what is a test that causes a biochemical reaction which causes anticapsular antibodies bind to capsule of bacteria causing it to swell and become more visible
quellung reaction
what bacteria shows a positive quellung reaction
streptococcus pneumonia **
others klebsiella pneumonia hemophilus influenza salmonella neiserria meningitides
what test looks at carcinogenicity and mutagenicity
ames test
what is used in ames test
salmonella typhimurium
what test is for anthrax
ascholi test
what test is for strep pyogenes antibodies
anti-streptolysin O titre
ASO titer
what test is for rheumatic fever
anti-streptolysin O tire
ASO titer
what is test to check percent of butterfat in milk
babcock test
what test determines difference between pneumococcus and alpha hemolytic streptococcus viridans
bile solubility
what is the best test for water pollution
BOD test
what does BOD stand for
whats it mean
biologicial oxygen demand
best test for water pollution
what is known as complement fixation
bordet gengou phenomenon
what test determines between stap and strep
catalase
what is a virus culture
chick embryo culture
or
tissue culture
cant grow on agar
what is a agar for gonnorrhea
chocolate agar
aka
thayer martin agar
heated blood agar
what test is used to differentiate different staphylococcus bugs
coagulase
staph aureus +
all else negative
what test checks for e coli in the water purification process
colliform test
what test checks fecal contamination in water
colliform test
*tests for ecoli
what test check hymolyss and cell lysis
complement fixation
what test checks rbc antigens, hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis, and rh factor
coombs test
what is the test for scarlet fever
dick test
what is the stain for protozoa
giemsa stain
what is the test for seronegative arthropathies such as psoriatic, enteropathic, as, and reiters syndrome
HLA B27
what tests are for AIDS
ELISA - checks DNA
western blot - checks proteins
HLA DR5/CD4
what agar is used for staphylococcus
mannitol salt agar
what is dx if patient has nuchal rigidity and stuff neck
meningitis
glucose decrease in CSF if present
what is the heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis
paul bunnel test
what test is to determine if milk pasteurization was adequate?
what makes it adequate
phosphatase test
adequate if all phosphatase enzyme is destroyed
what test is for streptococcus pneumonia
quellung reaction
what is the agar for testing fungi
sabouraud agar
what tests for immunity to diphtheria
schick
what is the antitoxin reaction to scarlet fever
schultz carlton reaction
what is the serology test for rickettsia
except which
weil felix test
except coxiella burnetti aka Q fever
what is the typhoid fever test
widal test
what test looks for altered epithelioid cells
tzank test
herpes zoster
herpes simplex
varicella aka chicken pox
what are the test for syphilis /treponema pallidum
kline kahn wassserman TPI VDRL darkfield
what what are the TB tests
mantoux test = tine test = skin prick test
PPD - purified protein derivative
delayed hypersensitivity test
ziehl nielson staining - acid fast organisms - myco.
chest xray - gohn complex in lung
BCG - bacillus calmette guerin vaccine - uses myco. bovis
what are acid fast stains used for
mycobacterium
what are blood agar stains used for
streptococcus
what demonstrates types of hemolysis / destruction of RBCs
blood agar
what are the different types of hemolysis on agar plate
alpha = partial hemolysis = green ring
alpha strep pneumonia
strep viridans
subacute bacterial endocarditis
beta = complete hemolysis = clear ring
beta is bad
strep pyogenes
gumma = none = red ring
strep mutans
agar for gonorrhea
chocolate
heated blood agar
thayer martin agar
agar for protozoa
giemsa
what is the gram stain procedure
primary stain - crystal violet or methylene blue
fixer - iodine / mordant
decolorizer - acetone or ethyl alcohol - removes crystal violet from gram -
counterstain - suffarin - red pink that goes in gram -
manitol salt agar is used for what
staphylococcus
what is the only way to differentiate treponemas species
dark field microscopy
clue cells
gardenella
whiff test +
gardenella
tabes dorsalis
tertiary syphilis
ophthalamia neonaturm
neisseria
hand foot mouth disease
coxsackie
hemophilia a lacks what
hemophilia b lacks what
a - factor 8
b - factor 9
