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Med Micro Boards > Generic Micoorganism Principles > Flashcards

Generic Micoorganism Principles Flashcards

1
Q

how do we classify microorganisms

A 
size and shape 
presence of nucleus 
nature of genetic material 
number of chromosomes 
nature of cells wall if present 
type of cell membrane sterols
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2
Q

cell type of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - acellular
bacteria - prokaryotic
fungi - eukaryotic
parasites - eukaryotic

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3
Q

nucleus presence of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - none
bacteria - none
fungi - yes
parasites - yes

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4
Q

DNA/RNA/both in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - DNA or RNA
bacteria - Both
fungi - Both
parasites - Both

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5
Q

chromosomes in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - nucleocaspid
bacteria - 1 chromosome
fungi - more than 1
parasites - more than 1

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6
Q

ribosomes in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - none
bacteria - 70S ribosomes
fungi - 80S ribosomes
parasites - 80S ribosomes

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7
Q

cell wall composition in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - none
bacteria - peptidoglycans
fungi - chitin
parasites - none

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8
Q

membrane sterols in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

viruses - no membrane, so no sterols
bacteria - membrane, but no sterols
fungi - membrane with ergosterols
parasites - membrane with sterols

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9
Q

what is defined as the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection

A

infectivity

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10
Q

what is defined as the ability to cause disease

A

pathogenicity

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11
Q

what bacteria use pili (hair like adherens) to adhere to surfaces of host cells

A

E coli

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12
Q

what bacteria have fimbriae which are similar to pili that adheres to the surfaces of host cells

A

Group A streptococci

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13
Q

adherence enhances the ___ of the microorganism by preventing it from being carried away by mucus or fluids in the body

A

infectivity

more adherence = more infective

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14
Q

what is the ability to penetrate a hosts defenses

A

invasion

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15
Q

some microorganisms have what that help facilitate the invasion process

give examples

A

enzymes

ex. collagenase and hyaluronidase

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16
Q

what is it called when a microorganism is capable to change the shape of their surface antigen to escape detection by the humans antibodies

A

antigenic switching

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17
Q

what species is capable of antigenic switching

A

trypanosoma

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18
Q

how does trypanosoma facilitate antigenic switching

A

trypanosoma enters the body and stimulates the production of antibodies

within a matter of hours, some of the trypanosoma switch the variable surface glycoprotein covering themselves to a new antigenic VSG to slip the bodies defense mechanisms

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19
Q

what is it called

ability to cause serious illness

A

virulence

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20
Q

give an example of something that make a microorganism more virulent

example

A

poisons or toxins produced which are extremely harmful to the patient

ex. toxin produced by clostridium botulinum

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21
Q

what is a hospital acquired infection called

A

nosocomial

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22
Q

what is a disease caused by health professionals called

A

iatrogenic

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23
Q

iatrogenic disease caused by health professionals is usually due to what

A

washing hands

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24
Q

what is a common hospital acquired infection that causes diarrhea and could be fatal

A

clostridium difficile

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25
Q

what is an organism that is part of the normal flora

A

commensal

26
Q

a commensal organism (where organism is part of normal flora) has what kind of relationship with the host

A

organism benefits from host while the host is unaffected by the organism

27
Q

what is it called when two dissimilar organisms live together

A

symbiosis

28
Q

what is it called when both organisms benefit and are needed to function

A

synergism

29
Q

what are eukaryotes

A

true nucleus

organelles

30
Q

what are prokaryotes

A

no true nucleus
no organelles
no mitochondria

31
Q

how are organisms classified and organized

A

family and genus

32
Q

how are organisms named

A

genus and species

33
Q

what is taxonomic ranks of biology

A

king paul can only find good spices

kingdom 
phylum 
class 
order 
family 
genus 
species
34
Q

what microbe eats inorganic material

A

autotroph

35
Q

what microbe eats organic material

A

heterotroph

36
Q

what microbe eats dead or decaying material

A

saprophyte

37
Q

what microbe eats off living organisms

A

parasites

38
Q

what microbe can live with the presence or absence of oxygen

A

facultative

39
Q

what microbe prefers oxygen to live

A

facultative aerobe

40
Q

what microbe prefers no oxygen to live

A

facultative anaerobe

41
Q

what microbe can only live in one environment and not the other

A

obligate

42
Q

what microbe can only live in oxygen

A

obligate aerobes

43
Q

what microbe can only live in no oxygen

A

obligate anaerobes

44
Q

what microbe lives in reduced amounts of oxygen

A

microaerophilic

45
Q

what are examples of microaerophilics

A

high altitude plants

46
Q

where are microaerophilics grown

A

candle jar culture

47
Q

what is it called when 2 populations live together and one or both benefit

A

symbiosis

48
Q

what is it called when 2 populations live together and both benefit

A

mutualism

49
Q

what is it called when 2 populations live together and both benefit and both accomplish what neither can do alone

A

synergism

50
Q

what is it called when 2 populations live together and one benefits and the other us unaffected

A

commensalism

51
Q

what is it called to transfer a disease from animal to humans

A

zoonosis

52
Q

zoonosis example

A

anthrax
woolsorters disease

anthrax - gram +, sporulates, respiratory transmission

53
Q

what is a single flagella on one pole called

A

monotrichus

54
Q

what is multiple flagella (tuft) on one pole called

A

lophotrichus

55
Q

what is both flagella on both poles

A

amphitrichus

56
Q

what is around meaning flagella everywhere

A

peritrichus

57
Q

during cell sex life, what is plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus which bestows antimicrobial resistance

A

conjugation

58
Q

during cell sex life, what is bacteriophage transfers genetic material between bacteria

A

transduction

59
Q

bacteriophage is what

A

altered virus

60
Q

during cell sex life, what is direct uptake of free DNA

A

transformation

Med Micro Boards (35 decks)

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