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Med Micro Boards > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 characteristics about bacteria

A

prokaryotic - no nucleus
single circular DNA
peptidoglycan wall
70S ribosomes

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2
Q

what are the 3 bacteria types based on cell wall

A

lacking cell wall
flexible cell wall
rigid cell wall

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3
Q

what is/are the bacteria that lack a cell wall

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

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4
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae is also referred to as

A

atypical walking pneumonia

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5
Q

examining patient and there xray of lungs looks worse than the actual patient

A

mycoplasma pneumonia
or
atypical walking pneumonia

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6
Q

what are the 4 bacteria that have a flexible cell wall

A 
all spirochetes : (BBLT) 
borrelia burgdorferi 
borrelia recurrentis 
leptospira interogans 
trepenoma pallidum
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7
Q

the spirochetes (flexible cell wall) below cause what disease?

leptospira interogans
borrelia burgdorferi
borrelia recurrentis
trepenoma pallidum

A

borrelia burgdorferi - lyme disease

borrelia recurrentis - relapsing fever

leptospira interogans - weil disease

trepenoma pallidum - syphilis

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8
Q

the spirochetes (flexible cell wall) below look like what under microscope?

A

borrelia burgdorferi - big spirochete

borrelia recurrentis - big spirochete

leptospira interogans - spirochetes with terminal hook

trepenoma pallidum - thin spirochetes with periplasmic flagella

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9
Q

what does weil disease present as

A

bacteria - leptospira interogans

hemorrhage and jaundice

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10
Q

what does lyme disease present as

A

bacteria - borrelia burgdoferi

bulls eye rash - erythema chronicum migrans
with joint pain

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11
Q

what does borrelia recurrentis present as

A

relapsing fevers

fever comes and goes

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12
Q

what does syphilis present as

primary
secondary
tertiary

A

“painless” genital ulcer

primary - hard painless chancre*
secondary - condylmata lata and maculopapular rash
tertiary - neurosyphilis, gummas, argryll robertsons pupil, tabes dorsalis

latency - may not have symptoms

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13
Q

what are the bacteria with rigid cell walls? because they cant make what?

A

these are either obligate intracellular organisms (means they cant make ATP that must live inside the host cell) or free living bacteria

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14
Q

what are the different types of bacteria that contain a rigid cell wall

A

chlamydia psittaci

chlamydia trachomatis

rickettsia (many types)

ehrlichia chafeensis

bartonella hensaelae

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15
Q

what rigid cell wall bacteria causes bird fanciers diseae?

A

chlamydia psittaci

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16
Q

what are the different types of chlamydia trachomatis

A

chlamydia trachomatis

type A, B, C - trachoma - africa, blindness, chronic disease

type D-K - reiters syndrome - conjunctivits, urethritis, arthritis

type L1,2,3 - lymphogranuloma venerum - genital ulcers with draining bubbles

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of rickettsia

A

fever

rash on wrists

typhus on trunk

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18
Q

rickettsia rickettsia causes what disease? what is the vector?

A

rocky mountain (spotted) fever

wood ticks

rash on wrist and ankles

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19
Q

rickettsia prowazekii causes what disease? what is the vector?

A

ePIdemic typhus

lice or louse

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20
Q

rickettsia typhi causes what disease? and what is the vector?

A

murine eNdemic typhus

rat fleas

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21
Q

rickettsia quintana causes what disease? what is the vector?

A

trench fever

lice or louse

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22
Q

rickettsia tsutsugamishi causes what disease? what is the vector?

A

scrub typhus

mites

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23
Q

what does the ehrlichia chafeensis causes what symptoms?

what is the vector?

A

flu like symptoms

long star tick

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24
Q

what disease does barteonella henselae causes what disease

A

cat scratch fever

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25
Q

how does cat scratch fever get transmitted

A

being scratched by infected cats

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26
Q

what is a characteristic of free living bacteria

A

all contain rigid cell walls*

gram stainable wall

positive and negative coccus, bacillus, and vibrio

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27
Q

staphylococcus bacteria are gram _ and catalase _ and appear to look like __ when stained

A

gram positive
catalase positive
bunches of grapes

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28
Q

what are the 6 diseases caused by staph aureus

A 
STOICE
scaled skin syndrome 
toxic shock syndrome 
osteomyelitis 
impetigo 
carbuncles 
subacute endocarditis
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29
Q

what staphylococcus organism causes UTI in teenagers? will there be nitrates in the urine?

A

staphylococcus saprophyticus

no nitrates in urine

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30
Q

patient presents with honey crusted lesions around the mouth… what is DX

A

impetigo caused by staph aureus or strep pyogenes

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31
Q

streptococcus bacteria are gram _ and catalase _ and appear to look like __ when stained

A

gram positive
catalase negative
strips

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32
Q

what are the 6 diseases caused by streptococcus pyogenes

A 
SERGIS 
strep throat - GABHS
erysipelas 
rheumatic fever 
glomerulonephritis 
impetigo 
scarlet fever
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33
Q

streptococcus pyogenes classified as what?

streptococcus agalactiae is classified as what?

streptococcus pneumonia is classified as what?

streptococcus viridans is classified as what?

A

lancefield group A beta-hemolytic diplococci - GABHS

lacefield group B beta-hemolytic diplococci - GBBHS

alpha hemolytic

alpha hemolytic

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34
Q

what streptococcus bacteria is associated with dental cavities and affects the heart valves/endocarditis?

A

streptococcus mutans (viridans)

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35
Q

what streptococcus bacteria is occurs with meningitis and otitis media

A

streptococcus pneumonia

MOP - meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia

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36
Q

patient presents with rust colored sputum and sinusitis.. what is DX

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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37
Q

what streptococcus bacteria is found in vagina of female carriers and causes meningitis and septicemia in newborns?

A

streptococcus agalactiae

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38
Q

neisseria gonorrhea is gram _

A

gram negative

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39
Q

what medium is used for neisseria gonorrhea

what stain

A

thayer martin chocolate agar

glucose fermenting stain

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40
Q

what medium is used for neisseria meningitidis

what stain

A

thayer martin chocolate agar

maltose and glucose fermenting stain

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41
Q

what medium is used for mycobacterium tuberculosis

what stain

A

lowenstein jensen medium

ziehl neelsen stain

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42
Q

which bacteria causes gonorrhea, septic arthritis, and ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

neisseria gonorrhea

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43
Q

which cocci bacteria causes meningitis and meningococcemia

A

neisseria meningitidis

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44
Q

which cocci bacteria causes TB

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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45
Q

which cocci bacteria is faintly gram stainable and have thick waxy wall of mycolic acid

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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46
Q

which cocci bacteria is only seen in armadillos and foot pads of suckling mice

A

mycobacterium leprae

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47
Q

which cocci bacteria prefers cool temperatures like skin and peripheral nerves

A

mycobacterium leprae

causes leprosy and lepromatous lesions

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48
Q

all bacilli bacteria are gram _

exceptions?

A

bacilli bacteria are all gram negative

except 
bacillus 
listeria 
clostridium 
corynebacterium
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49
Q

all bacteria are gram negative except

A 
BLCCSS - gram + 
bacillus 
listeria 
clostridium 
corynebacterium 
staphylococcus 
streptococcus
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50
Q

what bacillus is a spore forming rod?

A

bacillus anthracis

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51
Q

bacillus anthracis causes what diseases?

A

woolsorters disease - lung infection
- inhaled spores from animal hides or wool

or

malignant pustules - skin infection

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52
Q

what bacillus causes food poisoning from eating contaminated rice

A

bacillus cereus

53
Q

what gram + bacteria causes preformed enterotoxin that prevents ACH release and causes diplopia, dysphagia, and flaccid paralysis?

A

clostridium botulinium

54
Q

what gram + bacteria is commonly found in improperly canned foods?

what else are common causes?

what is a common item in infants?

A

clostridium botulinium

meats and gravies and home canning

infants - honey

55
Q

what gram + bacteria is part of normal gut flora that causes pseudomembranous colitis after broad spectrum antibiotics because the antibiotics will kill the helpful gut flora and causes this bacteria to proliferate because it is not destroyed by broad spectrum antibiotics

A

clostridium difficile

56
Q

what gram + bacteria contains terminal spores that causes tentanus

A

clostridium tetanus

57
Q

how does clostridium affect the body and cause tetany?

A

exotoxin produced that affects the neuromuscular junction

inhibits GABA and glycine - blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

58
Q

what are the characteristic signs that clostridium tetani causes

A

muscle spasm

trismus - lock jaw

59
Q

what gram + bacteria causes gas gangrene following deep puncture wounds

A

clostridium perfringens

60
Q

what gram + bacteria produces lecithinase which causes muscle necrosis with bubbles

A

clostridium perfringens

61
Q

which gram + bacteria appears to look club shaped or chinese letter appearance

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

62
Q

what gram + bacteria causes a grey pseudomembrane in the throat causing suffocation

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

63
Q

which gram + bacteria contains a bacteriophage exotoxin that damages the heart muscle and nerves

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

64
Q

what test is positive for diphtheriae

A

schick test

65
Q

what gram + bacteria is commonly found in unpasturized milk, soft cheeses, and deli meats

A

listeria monocytogenes

66
Q

what is the only gram positive bacteria that contains an endotoxin

A

listeria monocytogenes

67
Q

what gram + bacteria causes meningitis in neonates due to vaginal transmission during birth

A

listeria monocytogenes

68
Q

what gram - bacteria is urease positive which produces ammonia to neutralize gastric acids

69
Q

H pylori is a common cause of what?

where are they most commonly found

A

peptic ulcers

duodenum - MC
then gastric

70
Q

what gram - bacteria causes fever, diarrhea, blood and pus in stool

A

campylobacter jejuni

71
Q

what gram - bacteria caused the bubonic plaque (black death)

A

yersinia pestis

72
Q

what gram - bacteria is transmitted by infected rat fleas

A

yersinia pestis

73
Q

what gram - bacteria causes buboes and pneumonia

buboes?

death by?

A

yersinia pestis

buboes - neck and axillary lymph node enlargement

death by asphyxation or suffocation

74
Q

what gram - bacteria causes food poisoning 1 to 2 days after consumption

A

salmonella enterides

75
Q

what are 2 gram - bacteria that are non lactose fermenting enteric bacteria

A

shigella

salmonella

76
Q

which gram - bacteria is a common causes of blood diarrhea or dysentery

A

shigella dysenteria, sonnei, or flexneri

77
Q

which gram - bacteria causes typhoid fever

A

salmonella typhi

78
Q

which gram - bacteria causes step ladder fever, diarrhea, rose spots on abdomen and also hides in the gall bladder and peyers patches of ileum

A

salmonella typhi

79
Q

which gram - bacteria is transmitted by food, fingers, feces, and flies

A

salmonella typhi

80
Q

E coli is a __ and __ fermenting, catalase __ enteric bacteria

A

lactose and glucose

catalase +

81
Q

what are the different antigens of E coli

A

0 - cell wall antigens
H - flagella antigens
K - capsule antigens

82
Q

what is the cause of travelers diarrhea

A

e coli entertoxigenic form

83
Q

what are the possible outcomes or other diseases that may occur due to e coli infection

A

UTI, food poisoning, meningitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome

84
Q

what is the cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome

what does syndrome cause

how does it develop

A

e coli

syndrome causes liver and kidney failure

eating contaminated meat contain e coli subtype 0157:h7

85
Q

what is the gram - bacteria found in contaminated meat

also called what disease

A

e coli subtype 0157:h7

enterohemorrhagic form - different from travelers diarrhea enterotoxigenic form

hamburgers disease

86
Q

what gram - bacteria urea splitting and maltose fermenting that causes UTIs

A

proteus mirabilis

contains u for urea and m for maltose

87
Q

what gram - bacteria causes red colored pus in infected burns (also can cause UTI)

A

serratia marcescens

88
Q

klebsiella pneumonia is __ fermenting

A

lactose

ella - lactose

89
Q

what gram - bacteria causes pneumonia and lung abscess in alcoholics

A

klebsiella pneumonia

90
Q

what gram - bacteria causes UTI in diabetics

A

klebsiella pneumonia

91
Q

what gram - bacteria causes red currant jelly sputum with pneumonia

A

klebsiella pneumonia

92
Q

what gram - bacteria causes whooping cough

A

bordetella pertusis

93
Q

what gram - bacteria causes paroxysms of cough followed by an unusual sound on inspiration

A

bordetella pertusis

94
Q

what is tularemia

A

rabbit fever

can also be caused by squirrels

95
Q

what gram - bacteria causes tularemia

vector

A

francisella tularensis

rabbits or squirrels

96
Q

what gram - bacteria causes fever and cough after skinning/dressing an infected rabbit

A

francisella tularensis

97
Q

what gram - bacteria causes bangs disease and undulant fever

A

brucella abortus

98
Q

what gram - bacteria is transmitted via infected cows, milk, goats, and or swine

A

brucella abortus

99
Q

what gram - bacteria causes fever with an undulating pattern

A

brucella abortus

100
Q

what gram - bacteria causes lung infections followed by atypical pneumonia

A

legionella pneumophila

101
Q

what gram - bacteria is transmitted via contaminated air conditioning

A

legionella pneumophila

102
Q

what gram - bacteria is a non lactose fermenting/oxidase + bacteria

A

pseudomonas aeroginosa

103
Q

what gram - bacteria causes a blue green pus in infected burns

A

pseudomonas aeroginosa

104
Q

what are the pigments that allow pseudomonas aeroginosa to produce a blue green pigment in infected wounds

A

pyocyanin - blue

pyoveridin - green

105
Q

what are the symptoms of psuedomonas aeroginosa

A 
PSEUDO
pneumonia 
sepsis 
external otitis 
UTI 
drug use 
osteomyelitis
106
Q

what gram - bacteria causes conjunctivits or pink eye

A

hemophilus aegypti

107
Q

hemophilus aegypti is also known as

A

koch-weeks bacillus

108
Q

what gram - bacteria causes chancroids

A

hemophilus ducreyi

109
Q

what gram - bacteria causes yellow painful genital sores

what are these sores called

A

hemophlius ducreyi

chancroids

110
Q

what gram - bacteria is also known as pfeiffers bacillus

A

hemophilus influenzae

111
Q

what gram - bacteria causes pneumonia, epiglottitis, croup, and meningitis in children

A

hemophilus influenzae

112
Q

what gram - bacteria contains multiple polar flagella

113
Q

what gram - bacteria is characterized by its comma shape with single polar flagellum

A

vibrio cholerae

114
Q

what gram - bacteria produces an exotoxin that stimulates cAMP which increases fluid secretion into gut

A

vibrio cholerae

115
Q

what gram - bacteria causes severe diarrhea (rice water stools) and rapid dehydration

A

vibrio cholerae

116
Q

what is the exotoxin produced by clostridium tetani

A

tetanospasmin

117
Q

what gram + bacteria produces the exotoxin tetanospasmin

A

clostridium tetani

118
Q

what bacteria is commonly found in hot warm and moist places like contact lenses and hot tubs

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

119
Q

which bacteria is both water and soil borne

120
Q

which bacteria is found in cream and frozen custards

A

staph aureus

121
Q

which bacteria is found in eggs and poultry

A

salmonella enterides

122
Q

how do you prevent salmonella enterides

A

cook the yolk of the egg entirely to avoid food poisoning

123
Q

what is the most common cause of gastritis

A

campylobacter jejuni

124
Q

what is the most common cause of diarrhea

A

campylobacter jejuni

125
Q

what is the most common cause of food poisoning

A

campylobacter jejuni

126
Q

what is travelers diarrhea also called

A

montezumas revenge

delhi belly

127
Q

floppy baby syndrome is caused by what bacteria

A

clostridium botulinium

128
Q

what is the first symptom of botulism

what is the second

A

first - diplopia

second - death

129
Q

how do you prevent botulism

A

add nitrates to meat

Med Micro Boards (35 decks)

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