RNA viruses Flashcards
What are the reoviruses and their structures?
dsRNA, non-enveloped
icosahedral
Coltivirus
Rotavirus
What is Coltivirus?
Colorado Tick Fever
acute flu illness
What is rotavirus?
#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children increases in winter months in day care centers infantile gastroenteritis
What are the picornaviruses and their structure?
non-enveloped ssRNA linear PERCH poliovirus echovirus rhinovirus coxsackievirus HAV
What happens w/ polio?
damage to the anterior motor horns
motor neurons are damaged in the pons and medulla
paralysis
What’s the deal with echovirus?
picornavirus aseptic meningitis myocarditis URI **get outbreaks in the summer months
What are the 2 causes of the common cold?
rhinovirus–picornavirus
coronavirus
What’s the deal with the coxsackie virus?
hand foot and mouth disease aseptic meningitis myocarditis pericarditis herpangina
Which of the picornaviruses are enteroviruses?
poliovirus
echovirus
coxsackievirus
What is the structure/function of the hepevirus?
non-enveloped
ssRNA, linear
HEV
What’s the deal with the caliciviruses?
non-enveloped
SSRNA, linear
norovirus–viral gastroenteritis
**Taking a cruise off the coast of California
What is the structure of flaviviruses?
enveloped SSRNA linear HY DSW shoes HCV Yellow fever Dengue St. Louis Encephalitis West Nile Virus
What’s the deal with yellow fever?
flavivirus
aedes mosquitoes
monkey or human reservoir
Fever, black vomit (coffee ground emesis)
Jaundice
Hemorrhagic disease-purpura, petechiae, epistaxis
Histo: councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules) in liver
Subsaharan Africa
South America
What is the deal with dengue?
mosquito-form
Break bone fever–muscle/joint pain
Retro-orbital HA
Hemorrhagic fever
Tourniquet test–see petechiae when you leave the BP cuff on
What are the arboviruses that can cause encephalitis?
arbovirus-arthropod vector St. Louis encephalitis-flavivirus Eastern Equine Encephalitis-toga virus Western Equine Encephalitis-toga California Encephalitis--bunyavirus
What is the structure of toga viruses? What are they?
enveloped SSRNA linear Rubella Eastern Equine Encephalitis Western Equine Encephaliits
What’s the deal with rubella?
Fever
LAD
arthralgias
fine rash
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (toRch)
What are the features of congenital rubella syndrome?
blueberry muffin extramedullary hematopoiesis cardiac defects: patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis cataracts deafness
What are the retroviruses?
enveloped
SSRNA linear, 2 copies
HTLV-T cell leukemia
HIV-AIDs
**have reverse transcriptase
What are the features of the orthomyxo viruses?
enveloped
SS neg. linear
Influenza virus
What are the 2 important components of the influenza virus?
What is the risk of the influenza virus?
Who should get it?
hemagglutinin–promotes viral entry
neuraminidase–promotes release of viral progeny
**could get super infections w/ S. aureus, S. pneumo, H. influenza pneumonias
> 6 mo you should have it!
What is the makeup of the vaccine for flu?
Trivalent: 2A, 1 B
Quadrivalent: 2A, 2B
**can get intranasal LAV if you are>2yo and less than 50 yo and not sick or pregnant
What are the features of the paramyxoviruses?
enveloped SS neg. strand linear PaRaMyxovirus Parainfluenza-Croup RSV Measles, Mumps
What are the features of croup?
caused by parainfluenza virus laryngeo-tracheo-bronchitits seal-like barking cough inspiratory stridor steeple sign on X-ray
**severe: pulsus paradoxus
Treatment: epi, dexamethasone, O2
What are the important features of RSV?
bronchiolitis and pneumonia
brassy cough, expiratory wheezing, resp distress
seen in winter months
F fusion protein fuses w/ other cells and get a giant syncytium
What is the treatment sometimes used for RSV?
palivizumab
but mainly supportive
Which conditions are caught during the winter months? Summer months?
Winter months:
RSV
ROtavirus
Influenza
Summer:
Enteroviruses, coxsackie, polio
Arboviruses
What is ribavirin and what does it help with?
guanosine analog drug
competitively inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
helps w/ Hep C and RSV
SE: teratogen, hemolytic anemia
What are the 2 drugs to treat Hep C?
ribavirin
IFNalpha
What are the important features of measles?
aka RUbeola 3Cs cough coryza-runny nose conjunctivitis Koplik spots maculopapular rash head-->feet
Vit A may help
What are the important features of mumps?
Mumps uses POM POMS
Parotitis
Orchiitis–>infertility
Meningitis
What are the rhabdoviruses?
enveloped
SS neg. linear RNA
Rabies
What are the important features of rabies?
bullet-shaped capsid
negri bodies on histo
Fever, malaise N/V–>agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hallucinations, hypersalivation–>paralysis, coma, death
**travels up peripheral nerves to CNS via retrograde transport
What are the important features of the filoviruses?
encapsulated single stranded neg. RNA
Ebola
Marburg
What are the important features of Ebola virus?
targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes
begins with fever, myalgia
then D/V
diffuse hemorrhage, DIC, shock
*transmission via direct contact w/ bodily fluids
Which viruses and bacteria can you contract from animal urine?
hantavirus
lass virus
LCM virus
bacteria-leptospirosis
What are the important features of the hantavirus?
bunyavirus
hemorrhagic fever
pulmonary syndrome: fever, pulmonary edema, resp failure
spread by aerosolized mouse urine
What are the important features of H1N1?
Swine flu
flu + GI symptoms
give oseltamivir or zanamivir
What are the important features of H5N1?
Avian flu
severe
URI, GI, fever, pancytopenia, increased ALT/AST
treat w/ oseltamivir
