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STEP1 > RNA viruses > Flashcards

RNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reoviruses and their structures?

A

dsRNA, non-enveloped
icosahedral
Coltivirus
Rotavirus

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2
Q

What is Coltivirus?

A

Colorado Tick Fever

acute flu illness

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3
Q

What is rotavirus?

A 
#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
increases in winter months in day care centers
infantile gastroenteritis
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4
Q

What are the picornaviruses and their structure?

A 
non-enveloped
ssRNA linear
PERCH
poliovirus
echovirus
rhinovirus
coxsackievirus
HAV
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5
Q

What happens w/ polio?

A

damage to the anterior motor horns
motor neurons are damaged in the pons and medulla
paralysis

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6
Q

What’s the deal with echovirus?

A 
picornavirus
aseptic meningitis
myocarditis
URI
**get outbreaks in the summer months
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7
Q

What are the 2 causes of the common cold?

A

rhinovirus–picornavirus

coronavirus

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8
Q

What’s the deal with the coxsackie virus?

A 
hand foot and mouth disease
aseptic meningitis
myocarditis
pericarditis
herpangina
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9
Q

Which of the picornaviruses are enteroviruses?

A

poliovirus
echovirus
coxsackievirus

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10
Q

What is the structure/function of the hepevirus?

A

non-enveloped
ssRNA, linear
HEV

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11
Q

What’s the deal with the caliciviruses?

A

non-enveloped
SSRNA, linear
norovirus–viral gastroenteritis
**Taking a cruise off the coast of California

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12
Q

What is the structure of flaviviruses?

A 
enveloped
SSRNA linear
HY DSW shoes
HCV
Yellow fever
Dengue
St. Louis Encephalitis
West Nile Virus
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13
Q

What’s the deal with yellow fever?

A

flavivirus
aedes mosquitoes
monkey or human reservoir
Fever, black vomit (coffee ground emesis)
Jaundice
Hemorrhagic disease-purpura, petechiae, epistaxis
Histo: councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules) in liver

Subsaharan Africa
South America

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14
Q

What is the deal with dengue?

A

mosquito-form
Break bone fever–muscle/joint pain
Retro-orbital HA
Hemorrhagic fever

Tourniquet test–see petechiae when you leave the BP cuff on

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15
Q

What are the arboviruses that can cause encephalitis?

A 
arbovirus-arthropod vector
St. Louis encephalitis-flavivirus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis-toga virus
Western Equine Encephalitis-toga
California Encephalitis--bunyavirus
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16
Q

What is the structure of toga viruses? What are they?

A 
enveloped 
SSRNA linear
Rubella
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Western Equine Encephaliits
17
Q

What’s the deal with rubella?

A

Fever
LAD
arthralgias
fine rash

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (toRch)

18
Q

What are the features of congenital rubella syndrome?

A 
blueberry muffin
extramedullary hematopoiesis
cardiac defects: patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis
cataracts
deafness
19
Q

What are the retroviruses?

A

enveloped
SSRNA linear, 2 copies
HTLV-T cell leukemia
HIV-AIDs

**have reverse transcriptase

20
Q

What are the features of the orthomyxo viruses?

A

enveloped
SS neg. linear

Influenza virus

21
Q

What are the 2 important components of the influenza virus?

What is the risk of the influenza virus?

Who should get it?

A

hemagglutinin–promotes viral entry
neuraminidase–promotes release of viral progeny

**could get super infections w/ S. aureus, S. pneumo, H. influenza pneumonias

> 6 mo you should have it!

22
Q

What is the makeup of the vaccine for flu?

A

Trivalent: 2A, 1 B
Quadrivalent: 2A, 2B

**can get intranasal LAV if you are>2yo and less than 50 yo and not sick or pregnant

23
Q

What are the features of the paramyxoviruses?

A 
enveloped
SS neg. strand linear
PaRaMyxovirus
Parainfluenza-Croup
RSV
Measles, Mumps
24
Q

What are the features of croup?

A 
caused by parainfluenza virus
laryngeo-tracheo-bronchitits
seal-like barking cough
inspiratory stridor
steeple sign on X-ray

**severe: pulsus paradoxus

Treatment: epi, dexamethasone, O2

25
Q

What are the important features of RSV?

A

bronchiolitis and pneumonia
brassy cough, expiratory wheezing, resp distress
seen in winter months
F fusion protein fuses w/ other cells and get a giant syncytium

26
Q

What is the treatment sometimes used for RSV?

A

palivizumab

but mainly supportive

27
Q

Which conditions are caught during the winter months? Summer months?

A

Winter months:
RSV
ROtavirus
Influenza

Summer:
Enteroviruses, coxsackie, polio
Arboviruses

28
Q

What is ribavirin and what does it help with?

A

guanosine analog drug
competitively inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
helps w/ Hep C and RSV

SE: teratogen, hemolytic anemia

29
Q

What are the 2 drugs to treat Hep C?

A

ribavirin

IFNalpha

30
Q

What are the important features of measles?

A 
aka RUbeola
3Cs
cough
coryza-runny nose
conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
maculopapular rash head-->feet

Vit A may help

31
Q

What are the important features of mumps?

A

Mumps uses POM POMS
Parotitis
Orchiitis–>infertility
Meningitis

32
Q

What are the rhabdoviruses?

A

enveloped
SS neg. linear RNA
Rabies

33
Q

What are the important features of rabies?

A

bullet-shaped capsid
negri bodies on histo

Fever, malaise N/V–>agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hallucinations, hypersalivation–>paralysis, coma, death

**travels up peripheral nerves to CNS via retrograde transport

34
Q

What are the important features of the filoviruses?

A

encapsulated single stranded neg. RNA
Ebola
Marburg

35
Q

What are the important features of Ebola virus?

A

targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes
begins with fever, myalgia
then D/V
diffuse hemorrhage, DIC, shock

*transmission via direct contact w/ bodily fluids

36
Q

Which viruses and bacteria can you contract from animal urine?

A

hantavirus
lass virus
LCM virus

bacteria-leptospirosis

37
Q

What are the important features of the hantavirus?

A

bunyavirus
hemorrhagic fever
pulmonary syndrome: fever, pulmonary edema, resp failure
spread by aerosolized mouse urine

38
Q

What are the important features of H1N1?

A

Swine flu
flu + GI symptoms
give oseltamivir or zanamivir

39
Q

What are the important features of H5N1?

A

Avian flu
severe
URI, GI, fever, pancytopenia, increased ALT/AST
treat w/ oseltamivir

STEP1 (54 decks)

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