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STEP1 > Helminth > Flashcards

Helminth Flashcards

1
Q

What are roundworms, tapeworms, flukes called?

A

roundworms-nematodes
tapeworms-cestodes
flukes-trematodes

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2
Q

What are the nematodes that are transmitted fecal-oral?

A

EAT
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichinella

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3
Q

What are the nematodes that are transmitted thru the feet/skin?

A

SANd
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

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4
Q

What is the med used to treat roundworm/nematode infections?

A

bendazoles

pyrantel pamoate

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5
Q

What are the important things to know about enterobius vermicularis?

A 
nematode/roundworm
pinworm
fecal-oral
anal pruritis
see e.g. on the tape test
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6
Q

What are the important things to know about ascaris lumbricoides?

A 
nematode/roundworm
giant roundworm
fecal-oral
eggs visible in feces
can cause intestinal obstruction
goes thru lungs-->Loffler Eosinophilic Pneumonitis
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7
Q

What are the important things to know about trichinella spirals?

A

nematode/roundworm
fecal-oral
eat undercooked meat-pork & it goes into your meat/muscles!
goes into striated muscles, can see cysts
Trichinosis: N/V, fever, periorbital edema, myalgia

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8
Q

What are the important things to know about strongyloides stercoralis?

A

nematode/roundworm
penetrate feet thru skin
like a peptic ulcer-epigastric pain, diarrhea, vomiting

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9
Q

What are the important things to know about ancylostoma and necator infections?

A

nematode/roundworm
hookworms
penetrate skin of foot
hook onto intestines and suck blood from walls

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10
Q

What’s the deal with wuchereria bancrofti?

A

nematode
but not involved in GI
involved in lymph-causes elephantiasis or hydrocele
spread by female mosquito

treat w/ diethylcarbamazine

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11
Q

What’s the deal with onchocerca volvulus?

A

female blackfly bite
black flies, black skin nodules, black sight
hyper pigmented skin
river blindness

use ivermectin

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12
Q

What’s the deal with loa loa?

A

swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
spread by deer fly, horse fly, mango fly

treat w/ diethylcarbamazine

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13
Q

What’s the deal with toxocarna canis?

A

fecal-oral
visceral larva migrans

treated w/ bendazoles

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14
Q

What are the cestodes/tapeworms?

A

Taenia Solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus Granulosus

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15
Q

What are the cestodes/tapeworms treated with?

A

praziquantel

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16
Q

What are the important things to know about taenia solum?

A

ingest larvae in undercooked pork–>intestinal infection

OR ingest eggs–>cysticercosis (muscles, myositis) OR neurocysticercosis

17
Q

You have an immigrant who has new onset CNS symptoms?

A

neurocysticercosis

18
Q

What are the important things to know about diphyllobothrium latum?

A

eat larvae from raw freshwater fish

get VitB12 deficiency–>megaloblastic anemia

19
Q

What are the important things to know about echinococcus granulosus?

A

dog tapeworm
eat eggs from dog feces
hyatid cysts in liver
can get anaphylaxis if contents released

20
Q

What are the trematodes/flukes?

A

Schistosoma: mansoni, hematobium

Clonorchis sinensis

21
Q

What are the important things to know about schistosoma?

A

snails are host
cercariae penetrate skin
associated w/ swimmer’s itch

S. mansoni: LIVER and SPLEEN enlarge. Invades mesenteric vessels. It has a lateral spine.

S. hematobium: URINARY TRACT. squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. hematuria. Egg has terminal spine.

22
Q

What are the important things to know about clonorchis sinensis?

A

comes from undercooked fish
liver fluke!
biliary tract inflammation–>pigmented gallstones
associated w/ cholangiosarcoma

23
Q

What are the important things to know about paragonimus westermani?

A

adult fluke in lung
chronic bronchitis
hemoptysis
**praziquantel

24
Q

Egyptian immigrant w/ hematuria?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

schistosoma hematobium

25
Q

What are the important things to know about ectoparasites?

A

Lice-pediculosis capitis, pediculosis pubis
permethrin
pyrethrin

Scabies-permethrin 5% cream, ivermectin

Bedbugs-pruritis

STEP1 (54 decks)

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