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Important Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the possible causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

BAD HITS

Biliary causes--gallstones
Alcohol
Drugs--esp HIV
Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercalcemia
Idiopathic
Trauma (ERCP)
Scorpion Sting
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2
Q

Which drugs can cause hemolytic anemia for patients with G6PD deficiency?

A

Remember, can’t make NADPH to replenish glutathione to deal with oxidative stress from H2O2 etc.

Spleen Purges Nasty Inclusions From Damaged Cells
Sulfonamides
Primaquine
Nitrofurantoin (antibiotic for UTIs, safe in pregnancy)
Isoniazid
Fava Beans
Dapsone (antibiotic used in leprosy)
Chloroquine
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3
Q

Features of Kwashiorkor?

A

FLAMES
Fatty liver (lack of ApoB100)
Anemia
Malnutrition (protein, not necessarily calories)
Edema (distended belly)
Skin lesions & depigmentation of skin and hair

malnourished kiddo w/ big belly.
Contrast to marasmus: total energy deficiency w/ muscle wasting.

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4
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity?

A

3Cs
cardiotoxicity
convulsions–cause hyperpyrexia
coma–see respiratory depression

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5
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A 
Private PVT TIM HaLL
Phenylalanine
valine
threonine
tryptophan
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
leucine
lysine
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6
Q

Which antihypertensives are safe to use during pregnancy?

A 
Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine
Hydralazine
alpha-methyldopa
labetalol
nifedipine (dihydropyridine CCB)
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of pellagra? What causes pellagra?

A

Pellagra, caused by niacin deficiency (VitB3)
can be from lack of tryptophan–>niacin
Like Hartnup dx, decrease neutral AA transport in kidney

4Ds of pellagra:
diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia
death
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8
Q

Which AA show up in the urine of those w/ maple syrup urine dx?

A 
branched AA
I Love Vermont Maple Syrup from trees (branched)
Isoleucine
leucine
valine
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of alkaptonuria?

A

Al Capone in a dark suit
homogentisic acid builds up w/ a dark pigment
dark CT, dark sclera, black urine when exposed to air

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10
Q

The COLA defect for PCT absorption of AA causes cystinuria. Which AA can’t be transported?

A

cysteine
ornithine
lysine
arginine

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11
Q

What are the effects of lead poisoning?

A

LEAD
Lead Lines
Encephalopathy and erythrocyte basophilic stippling
Abdominal Colic & Sideroblastic Anemia
Drop: wrist, foot

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12
Q

Vit K is important for which clotting factors?

A

diSCo started in 1972
Protein C, S
Factors 2, 7, 9, 10

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13
Q

Which things cause eosinophilia?

A 
CANADA P
collagen vascular dx
atopy, allergy
neoplasm
addison's dx
drugs
acute interstitial nephritis

parasites-esp helminthic

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14
Q

What are the meds used to treat Parkinson’s?

A

BALSA
Bromocriptine (other dopamine agonists, pramipexole)
Amantadine
Levodopa + Carbidopa
Selegiline (decrease dopamine breakdown)
Antimuscarinics (like benztropine, only help w/ tremor)

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15
Q

Which hormones use cAMP messaging?

A 
FLAT ChAMP calculates 2Gs
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH (V2)
MSH
PTH
Calcitonin
GHRH
Glucagon
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16
Q

What hormones use IP3 messaging?

A 
GOAT HAG
GnRH
Oxytocin
ADH (V1)
TRH
Histamine (H1)
Ang II
Gastrin
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17
Q

Which hormones use receptor associated tyrosine kinase?

A 
PIGGlET
Prolactin
Immunomodulators
GH
G-CSF
EPO
Thrombopoietin
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18
Q

Which hormones from the ant pit are secreted by basophils?

A 
B-FLAT
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
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19
Q

Which hormones are secreted by from the ant pit?

A 
FLAT PIG
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
Intermediate lobe-MSH
GH
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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

BAM CUSHINGOID
buffalo hump, truncal obesity
amenorrhea
moon facies

crazy
ulcers (peptic)
skin: striae, easy bruising, acne
HTN
infection
necrosis of femoral head
glaucoma
osteoporosis
immunosuppression
diabetes
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21
Q

What are the signs of congenital hypothyroidism, cretinism?

A 
6Ps
pot-bellied
protuberant tongue
pale
puffy-faced
protruding umbilicus
poor brain development (ID)
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22
Q

What are the causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

MUD PILES
Methanol
Uremia
DKA

Propylene glycol
iron tabs, isoniazid
lactic acidosis
ethylene glycol
salicylates
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23
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

Stones: kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis
Bones: osteoporosis, osteitits fibrosa cystica
Groans: abdominal pain, N/V, peptic ulcers, pancreatitis
Psychiatric OVertones: psychosis, lethargy, depression, coma

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24
Q

Causes of low Magnesium?

A 
Maggie and her DADA
diarrhea
alcohol
diuretics
aminoglycosides
25
What are the possible causes of target cells?
``` HALT said the hunter to his target Hb C dx Asplenia Liver dix thalassemia ```
26
What are EPO-secreting tumors that can cause secondary polycythemia?
``` Potentially Really High Hct Pheochromocytoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hemangioblastoma ```
27
What's the deal with fetal erythropoiesis?
``` Young Liver Synthesizes Blood Yolk sac (3-8 wks) Liver (6wks-->birth) Spleen (10-28 weeks) Bone Marrow (18 weeks-->adulthood) ```
28
What are the symptoms of TTP?
``` HUNT For The Toilet Paper Hemolysis uremia neuro symptoms thrombocytopenia Fever TTP ```
29
What are some causes of DIC?
``` STOP Making New Thrombi Sepsis (gram neg) Trauma OB pancreatitis (acute) Malignancies Nephrotic Syndrome Transfusions ```
30
What are the live attenuated vaccines?
``` Live, watch Small Yellow Rotating Chickens get vaccinated by Sabin and MMR. Incredible! LAV SMall pox yellow fever rotavirus VZV Sabin Polio (oral) MMR Influenza (intranasal) ```
31
What are the killed vaccines?
``` RIP Always Creepy Raccoon Rabies virus Influenza (injectable) salk polio Hep A ```
32
Naked RNA?
``` Real Heavy Picture of California was Ruined w/o envelope Reovirus Hepevirus Picornavirus Calicivirus RNA ```
33
Naked DNA?
``` PaPa and Aunt Poly Didn't have an envelope. Papilloma virus Parvovirus Adenovirus Polyoma virus DNA ```
34
What are the fecal-oral nematodes?
EAT enterobius ascaris trichinella
35
What are the sand skin nematodes?
SANd Strongyloides Ancylostoma Necator
36
What are the conditions that are treated by metronidazole?
GET GAP on the Metro giardia entamoeba trichomonas gardnerella vaginalis anaerobic bacteria h. pylori
37
Which tumors give mets to the brain?
``` Lots of Bad Stuff Kill Glia Lung Breast Skin (melanoma) Kidney (RCC) GI (colon) ```
38
Which tumors give mets to the bone?
``` Permanently Relocated Tumors Like Bone Prostate (blastic) RCC (lytic) Thyroid (lytic) Lung (mixed) Breast (mixed) ```
39
Which tumors give mets to the liver?
``` Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver Colon Stomach Pancreas Breast Liver ```
40
Which things secrete EPO?
``` Potentially Really High Hct Pheochromocytoma RCC Hemangioblastoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma ``` leiomyomas
41
Which drugs act on microtubules?
``` Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly Mebendazoles (anti-helminthic) Griseofulvin (antifungal) Colchicine (antigout) Vincristine/Vinblastine Paclitaxel ```
42
What are the X-linked recessive diseases?
``` Oblivious Females Will Give Her Boys Her x-Linked Disorders ocular albinism fabry dx wiskott-aldrich g6pd deficiency hemophilia A &B Bruton agammaglobulinemia Hunter syndrome Lesch Nyhan Duchenne and Becker MD ```
43
What are the microbes that take gram stain well?
``` Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience Chlamydia Borrelia Rickettsia Trypanosomes Plasmodium ```
44
What are the components of the Thayer-Martin agar?
``` grows Neisseria Very Typically Cultures Neisseria Vancomycin Trimethoprim Colistin Nystatin ```
45
What are the aerobes?
Nagging Pests Must Breathe Nocardia Pseudomonas Mycobacterium
46
What are the anaerobes?
``` Frankly Can't Breathe Air Fusobacterium Clostridium Bacterioides Actinomyces suscpetible to oxidative damage b/c don't have catalase or superoxide dismutase ```
47
What are the obligate intracellular bugs?
Rickettsia Chlamydia Coxiella (Really Chilly and Cold)
48
What are the facultative intracellular bugs?
``` Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia ```
49
What are the encapsulated bacteria?
``` Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiny Bodies E Coli Strep pneumo Pseudomonas Neisseria Klebsiella H. influenza Salmonella group B strep ```
50
What are the urease + organisms?
``` CHuck norrish hates PUNKSS Cryptococcus H. Pylori Proteus Ureaplasma Nocardia Klebsiella S. epidermis S. saprophyticus ```
51
What are the catalase + organisms?
``` Cats Need PLACESS to hide Catalase + Nocardia Pseudomonas Listeria Aspergillus Candida E. Coli Staph Serratia ```
52
What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever?
``` S. pyogenes infection +2 Major or 1 Major & 1 minor criteria Major: JONES Joints-polyarthritis heart-pancarditis nodules-subcu erythema marginatum sydenham chorea ``` Minor: Arthralgia Fever Elevated ESR or CRP PR interval increased on EKG
53
What does S. pneumo cause?
``` Most OPtochin Sensitive Meningitis Otitis Media Pneumonia Sinusitis ```
54
What does H. influenza cause?
``` hEMOPhilus Epiglottitis Meningitis Otitis MEdia Pneumonia ```
55
What types of infection are caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa?
``` PSEUDDOmonas pneumonia (esp ventilator-associated) Sepsis Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear) UTI Drug Use Diabetes Osteomyelitis ```
56
Which RNA viruses are neg. stranded?
``` Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication Arenavirus Bunyavirus Paramyxovirus Orthomyxovirus Filovirus Rhabdovirus ```
57
What are bad antibiotics to use during pregnancy?
``` SAFe Children Take Really Good Care of Mom Sulfonamides-kernicterus Aminoglycosides-ototoxicity Clarithromycin-embryotoxic Tetracyclines Ribavirin Griseofulvin Chloramphenicol Metronidazole-1st tri is mutagenic ```
58
What are the retroperitoneal structures?
``` SAD PUCKER Suprarenal gland Aorta and IVC Duodenum 2-4 Pancreas (Except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum (partial) ```

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