Acid-Base Disorders Flashcards
How can you tell if something is super compensated or a mixed disorder?
Compensation never brings pH fully back into a normal range.
Normal range–mixed disorder.
What is Winter’s formula?
predicts resp compensation for simple metabolic acidosis
PCo2=1.5 (HCO3-) + 8 (+/- 2)
What can opioids cause?
decreased resp rate
respiratory acidosis
What is the formula for anion gap?
Anion Gap = Na - (Cl + HCO3-)
Which things cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Added Acid MUDPILES methanol uremia (kidney failure) diabetic ketoacidosis propylene glycol iron tablets or isoniazid lactic acidosis (shock) ethylene glycol (antifreeze) salicylates (aspirin late)
What are some things that can cause normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
HARD ASS hyperalimentation addison's dx renal tubular acidosis diarrhea acetazolamide spironolactone saline infusion
What is considered a normal anion gap?
8-12
What can cause metabolic alkalosis?
loop/thiazide diuretics
vomiting
antacid use
hyperaldosteronism (lose H+)
What’s the deal with aspirin toxicity?
early: resp alkalosis
late: metabolic acidosis
What are the 3 types of renal tubular acidosis?
Type 1: Distal Urine pH>5.5. H+
Type 2: Proximal Urine pH
Describe the defect in Type 1 renal tubular acidosis in more detail.
alpha intercalated cells in CT can’t secrete H+
get hypokalemia
increased risk for calcium phosphate kidney stones
amphotericin B can cause this
Describe Type 2 renal tubular acidosis in more detail.
PCT decreased HCO3- reabsorption
hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia
can be caused by Fanconi syndrome and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Describe Type 4 renal tubular acidosis in more detail.
hypoaldosteronism, hyperkalemia
decreased NH4+ excretion
K+ of the 3 types of RTA? pH of urine?
Type 1 is the only one w/ urine pH>5.5
Type 4 is the only one w/ hyperkalemia
