Mycology Flashcards
What are some conditions that candida albicans can cause?
oral thrus esophageal candidiasis vulvovaginitis diaper rash endocarditis IV drug abusers disseminated candidiasis chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis intertrigo-w/i skin folds
How do you diagnose a candida infection? Treat?
diagnose w/ culture and look for germ tube
treat w/ topical azole or nystatin
fluconazole, caspofungin, or amphotericin B for more serious
What are the organisms that IV drug abusers are most susceptible to–getting endocarditis?
S. aureus
candida
What are some causes of esophagitis?
candida
CMV
HSV
What can aspergillus cause?
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
aspergillomas-fungus balls in the lungs
**can release aflatoxins–>hepatocellular carcinoma
What is important to remember about the shape of aspergillus on culture?
acute angle aspergillosis 45degree angles
What’s the deal with cryptococcus neoformans?
encapsulated yeast–india ink stain
cryptococcal meningitis
soap bubble lesions brain
narrow based budding
**found in soil and pigeon droppings
What do you use to treat cryptococcus?
amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole
What’s the deal with mucor and rhizopus?
can cause mucormycosis in ketoacidotic diabetic and neutropenic (leukemia) patients
fungi proliferate in blood vessels, penetrate cribriform plate and enter brain.
Rhizopus–frontal lobe abscess
black necrotic eschar on face and cranial nerve involvement
What is special about the shape of mucor? Treatment?
flip M–>W
wide angles of branching for this broad, nonseptate hyphae
surgical debridement and amphotericin B is the treatment
WHat are the important things to know about pneumocystis jiroveccii?
bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities
disc-shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain
What are the dermatophytes?
**these are all fungi that cause cutaneous infections Trichophyton Microsporum Epidermophyton **sorta malassezia furfur
What are the different types of tinea?
Tinea pedis Tinea cruris Tinea Capitis Tinea Corporis Tinea inguium (onychomycosis) Tinea versicolor
What is the stain for tinea?
KOH prep
blue fungal stain
see branching hyphae
Which tinea include ringworm?
tinea capitis
tinea corporis
What are the important features of tinea versicolor?
malassezia furfur
depigmented patches in summer
**degradation of lipids–>damages melanocytes
spaghetti and meatballs
What is the treatment for onychomycosis?
terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole
What is the treatment for simple and complex tinea?
Simple: topical terbinafine or azole
Complex: oral terbinafine or azole
Mold form w/ barrel-shaped arthroconidia?
coccidioides immitis
Broad based budding of yeast?
blastomyces
Multiple budding of yeast form?
paracoccidioides
Systemic mycoses are all caused by what type of fungi?
dimorphic fungi
cold-mold
heat-yeast
exception: coccidioides which is more of a spherule
How do systemic mycoses compare to TB?
similar: granulomas
disimilar: granulomas for mycoses are non-caseating
no person-person transmission
What are the general treatments for local and systemic mycoses infections?
Local: fluconazole, itraconazole
Systemic: amphotericin B
Which organisms are associated w/ birds?
Histoplasma-bird and bat droppings Cryptosporidium--pigeon droppings, soil Chlamydophila psittaci H5N1 West Nile Virus
What are the important features of histoplasmosis?
Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys bird and bat droppings hide in macrophages come in via pulmonary route smaller than RBCs often self-limited pneumonia
What are the important features of blastomycosis?
east of the Mississippi River Central America buds broadly same size as RBC granulomatous nodules enters via lungs, but can go to skin or bone
What are the important features of coccidioides?
California and Southwest US
San Joaquin Valley Fever
found in soil, kicked up by earthquakes etc.
much larger than RBC
Form arthroconidia that are inhaled and form spherules in lung
can move to meningitis or skin or bone
What are the important features of paracoccidiodies?
GO parasailing to South America w/ captain wheel
Found in South America
much larger than RBC
forms budding yeast that looks like captain wheel
goes in via resp route
What are the important features of sporothrix?
cigar-shaped budding yeast found on vegetation
get into skin via thorn
nodules along draining lymphatics of the injury
associated w/ sphagnum moss
What is the treatment for sporothrix?
itraconazole and potassium iodide
Think put your ROSE in a POTassium iodide.
