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Micro and Immunology > Rickettsiae > Flashcards

Rickettsiae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important Ricketssial disease?

A

Typhus

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2
Q

What was the real reason of death in the potato famine?

A

People got typhus

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3
Q

Describe the Ricketssial morphology.

A

Small, short, gram-negative rods

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4
Q

What is the best stain for Ricketssia? Why?

A

Giemsa - since they are intracellular

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5
Q

What makes Ricketssia similar to Chlamyidia?

A

Both are obligate intracellular parasites

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6
Q

How do Ricketssia enter our cells?

A

Stimulate phagocytosis

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7
Q

Rickettsiae are capable of making their own _____ but prefer to act as _______ parasites.

A

ATP

energy

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8
Q

What Genera of Ricketssia is named after the person who looked for the magic bullet against syphilis.

A

Ehrlichia

Dr. Ehrlich - father of chemotherapy

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9
Q

How are Ricketssia divided?

A

Into the spotted fever group and the typhus group

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10
Q

How are Ricketssia transmitted?

A

Lice, ticks, fleas, mites

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11
Q

How do Ricketssia get into host cells?

A

Invade the capillaries at the site of entry and attach to endothelial cells.
Phospholipase A causes local degradation of host cell membrane
Damaged area and microbe are phagocytosed
Reproduce in cytoplasm

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12
Q

How does Ricketssia reproduce?

A

binary fission

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13
Q

What are the different ways in which Ricketssia can leave host cells?

A

Burst out of host cell
transmigrate across membrane
Budding - get envelope for protection

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14
Q

With Ricketssia, eventually, all ________ are involved.

A

organs

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15
Q

Typhus is the greek word for what?

A

stupor

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16
Q

Cause of classic epidemic louse-borne typhus

A

C. prowazeckii

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17
Q

Recurrent typhus

A

Brill-Zinsser disease (caused by R. prowazeckii)

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18
Q

When was the last big Tyohus outbreak?

A

WW2 in Europe

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19
Q

What are common features of Typhus?

A

Fever, headache, myalgias

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20
Q

How else may Typhus present (i.e. what signs)?

A

Meningoencephalitis
myocarditis
thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

Typhus may progress to shock, cerebral and pulmonary edema due to ___________ from damaged ______ ________.

A

extravasation (leakage of fluid out of vessel)

blood vessels

22
Q

What kind of rash will typhus cause? Where will it not be found (usually)?

A

Maculopapular rash on trunk that spreads to extremities

BUT, not usually on face, palms or soles

23
Q

If we get skin eruptions that also include the palms and soles, this is a very important diagnostic point. What might be causing this?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Secondary syphilis

24
Q

How does one get Sylvatic typhus?

A

Via contact with flying squirrels (USA)

25
Q

Untreated louse-borne typhus (R. prowazeckii), if untreated, has a mortality rate of what?

A

50%

26
Q

What is the flea borne Typhus?

A

R. typhi

27
Q

Why is the murine typhus (R. typhi) a misnomer?

A

B/c the worldwide distribution parallels that of rats (not mice)

28
Q

Who had sick English skills?

A

Hans Zinsser

29
Q

What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Ricketssia ricketsii

30
Q

Where is Ricketssia ricketsii (causative agent of Rocky mountain spotted fever) found most commonly?

A

Southeast united states (Georgia, Florida, Carolina, etc.)

31
Q

In Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, where does the rash first develop?

A

Ankles, feet, wrists

32
Q

Where may eschar form in Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

At tick bite

33
Q

The rash may become petechial and spread to other body parts. What are they?

A

Palms and soles

34
Q

What cases of RMSF are the most difficult to diagnose?

A

Cases without rash

35
Q

What is the causative agent of Ricketssial pox?

A

R. akari

36
Q

If someone says that have gotten chicken pox twice, what is the most likely reason?

A

Ricketsialpox - cannot tell the difference between it and chicken pox clinically

37
Q

How is R. akari transmitted?

A

Transmitted from mice or voles via mites

38
Q

What kind of rash is R. akari?

A

Papulovesicular

39
Q

How is Orientia tsutsugamushi:

Transmitted?

A

transmitted by chiggers

40
Q

What are chiggers?

A

Mite larvae

41
Q

Who was the father of chemotherapy?

A

Paul Ehrlich

42
Q

R. Erlichia is transmitted via what?

What is an exception?

A

Tick-borne

Exception: N. sennetsu - sashimi infested with infected trematodes

43
Q

What is an extremely common sign of Erhlichiosis?

A

Leukopenia

44
Q

R. ehrlichia reproduce in _______ producing characteristic inclusions called _________.

A

vacuoles

morulae

45
Q

Why is it named Q fever?

A

Q = query - the cause was unknown for many years

46
Q

How is Q fever different from other Ricketssial diseases (4)?

A

1 - Buds from infected cells
2 - Primary disease is CA pneumonia
3 - Resistant to heat and drying; persists outside host for a long time
4 - Transmitted by inhalation of infective droplets and dust from farm animals, occasionally from raw milk

47
Q

What are the phases of Q fever?

A

Phase 1 - LPS blocks surface proteins from Ab

Phase 2 - less infectious

48
Q

Acute Q fever infections have what antibody?

A

Phase 2 Ab only

49
Q

2/3rds of chronic cases of Q fever present how?

A

Culture-negative endocarditis

50
Q

What is necessary for diagnosis of Ricketssial diseases?

A

Laboratory testing and serology (mainstay)

51
Q

Although serology is the mainstay of diagnosis of Rickettsia, what must be kept in mind?

A

Results are not available early so…

be weary of it and treat early

Micro and Immunology (38 decks)

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