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Micro and Immunology > Innate Immunity - Part 1 - before class > Flashcards

Innate Immunity - Part 1 - before class Flashcards

1
Q

Innate immunity is the ______ line of defence against a pathogen.

A

first

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2
Q

Innate immunity is effective at stopping the ______ of pathogens at an ______ stage,

A

majority

early

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3
Q

Innate immune defences include what two branches?

A

Barriers

Innate cells and proteins

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4
Q

In the context of the innate immune system, what do barriers do?

A

Block pathogen entry into tissues

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5
Q

In the context of the innate immune system, what do innate cells and proteins do?

A

Rapidly eliminate pathogens that enter tissues

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6
Q

IF innate immunity is unsuccessful, certain inate cells will initiate ______ ________ to help eliminate the pathogen.

A

Adaptive immunity

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7
Q

What is the relative time-scale of innate immunity?

A

0-12 hours - barriers being first, and innate proteins and cells second

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8
Q

Properties of innate immune defences:

  • _____ with innate immunity
  • All humans have the _____ innate immunity
  • _______ initiated when pathogen contacts body
  • Responds __________ to a pathogen
    • pathogen is usually eliminated before ______ arise
  • No _______; i.e. the response will be the _____ each time a specific pathogen is encoutered
A 
Born with it
Same
Always
Immediately
symptoms
No memory
- same
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9
Q

What is the physical barrier that prevents pathogen entry into the body?

A

Epithelial cells

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10
Q

Properties of epithelial cells:

  • Form _____ junctions
  • _______ renewable
  • Removal of adherent pathogens - ________
  • Secrete __________ _______ that destroy pathogen cell wall
A

Tight
rapidly
desquamation (shedding)
Antimicrobial peptides

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11
Q

______ cell is a specialized type of epithelial cell that secretes mucus.

A

Goblet

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12
Q

Barriers used to prevent pathogen entry, other than epithelial cells include?

A

Mechanical barriers
Chemical barriers
Microbiological barriers

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13
Q

Microorganisms that colonize us are called what?

A

Normal Microbiota or flora

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14
Q

Microbiota are associated with ________ cells that line ____ pathogen entry points.

A

epithelial

all

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15
Q

What are common microflora bacteria in the GI tract?

A

Coliforms, enterococcus spp.

Anaerobic bacteria

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16
Q

What are common microflora bacteria in the Genital tract?

A

Lactobacillus spp.

Candida spp. in women

17
Q

What are common microflora bacteria in the mouth and URT?

A 
Streptococcus spp.
Haemochilus spp.
Neisseria spp.
Actinomyces spp.
Trichonomads
Anaerobic bacteria
18
Q

What are common microflora bacteria in the skin?

A

Staphylococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Pitysporum spp.
Anaerobic bacteria

19
Q

What is one issue with antibiotics?

A

Kill all bacteria - both pathogenic and normal bacterial flora

20
Q

Describe the barriers of the: mouth.

A

Antimicrobial factors in saliva (lysozymes, peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase)

21
Q

Describe the barriers of the: URT.

A

Mucociliary escalator

22
Q

Describe the barriers of the: skin

A

Physical barrier, fatty acids, commensals

23
Q

Describe the barriers of the: stomach

A

Stomach acid

24
Q

Describe the barriers of the: duodenum.

A

Rapid pH change

25
Q

Describe the barriers of the: vagina.

A

pH and commensals

26
Q

Describe the barriers of the: eyes/tear ducts.

A

Lysozyme in tears and other secretions

27
Q

Describe the barriers of the: LI.

A

Paneth cells

28
Q

Describe the barriers of the: urinary tract

A

Flushing

29
Q

Many normal flora are ________ - can become pathogenic when the opportunity arises.

A

Opportunistic

30
Q

What is the opportunistic pathogen of:

  • most concern?
  • teeth?
  • Gastroenteritis?
  • Gastric ulcers?
  • Pneumonia?
  • Infections from invasive medical devices (ex: catheters)?
A

MRSA - methicillin resistance Staph aureus
Streptococcus mutans
E. Coli; Clostridium (c. diff)
H. pylori
Streptococcus pneumonia; Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus epidermidis

31
Q

Describe one theory on the development of Chron’s disease.

A

A genetic mutation in the NOD2 gene leads to abnormal innate immunity response against gut bacterial flora and chronic inflammation

32
Q

Describe an extracellular vs. intracellular pathogen.

A

Extracellular - outside the cell

Intracellular - inside the cell

33
Q

What is the major difference between bacteria and viruses?

A

Bacteria have DNA and organelles (no nucleus) - self-reproducing
Viruses are smaller and cannot self-replicate

34
Q

Viruses can only replicate….

A

inside a living host cell, by hijacking the host’s cellular machinery

35
Q

All viruses have both ________ and _______ phases.

Bacteria, however,…

A

Intracellular and extracellular phases

Only some bacteria have both phases

Micro and Immunology (38 decks)

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