Microbiology in patient care

Question 1

Fever documented on at least 2 occasions, of >/= 2 weeks duration, with cause unknown after one week in-hospital investigation

Answer 1

Fever of unknown origin

Question 2

Most cases of fever of unknown origin are due to what?

Answer 2

infection

Question 3

What are the hospital acquired infections, in order of frequency (top 4).

Answer 3

UTI –> pneumonia –> surgical wound infection –> skin

Question 4

UTIs are developed nosocommially from ________ most of the time.
Pneumonia is often developed in the hospital due to use of ________.

Answer 4

catherization

ventilators

Question 5

Hospital diarrhea and vomiting are mostly acquired from these two.

Answer 5

C. diff

Norovirus

Question 6

If everyone gets hospital acquired diarrhea and vomitting all at once, most likely this guy.

Answer 6

Norovirus

Question 7

C. diff is transmitted this way.

Norovirus is transmitted this way.

Answer 7

Direct contact

Aerosolized vomit

Question 8

What are the most common causes of Hospital respiratory tract infections?

Answer 8

Staph aureus
gram negative rods
strep pneumoniae
TB
VZV (varicella zoster)

Question 9

Staph, gram negative rods and strep pneumoniae are transmitted this way.

Answer 9

Direct contact

Question 10

TB and VZV are transmitted this way.

Answer 10

Airborne

Question 11

What are common hospital blood-borne infections?

Answer 11

hepatitis C, B and HIV

Question 12

What does control for fomite transmitted infections entail?

Answer 12

Surface cleaning and disinfection.

Question 13

MRSA, VISA, VRE and C. diff all have this in common.

Answer 13

nosocomial infections spread via fomites.

Question 14

What are universal precautions? What is the most important one?

Answer 14

handwashing*
PPE
disposal of sharps
clean up spills - bleach
Proper disposal of biological waste

Question 15

What is super important when collecting a specimen from a patient?

Answer 15

Check the patient ID

Question 16

What is the most important thing about blood cultures?

Answer 16

Take more than one, and at different sites!

Question 17

For urine cultures, where do you never take them from?>

Answer 17

Foley bags

Question 18

Does saliva work for sputum culture?

Answer 18

No, have to get patient to hork out sputum.

Question 19

What cultures need to be refrigerated?

Answer 19

Urine, sputum, ova and parasites from stool

Question 20

Do stool cultures get refrigerated?

Answer 20

No, makes them acidic

Question 21

Need at least __ negative _____ exams to rule out intestinal protozoa.

Answer 21

3 negative (O and P) Ova and parasite

Question 22

Where do you never do anaerobic cultures?

Answer 22

wehre there is normal flora

Question 23

What can anearobic patient cultures constitute?

Answer 23

Aspirated pus or anaerobic transport medium

Question 24

For nose swabs, what part is swabbed?

Answer 24

Anterior part (Front) of nose, not back

Question 25

For wounds, _____ is best, but swabbing can also be acceptable if?

Answer 25

biopsy

swab deep in the wound - go for pus